Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Nitrous Oxide Intoxication: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

ABSTRACT Background Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has various risk factors, including contraception, pregnancy, neoplasia, and thrombophilia. Nitrous oxide (N₂O), historically used as an anesthetic and more recently as a recreational drug, has been associated with neurological complications such...

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Main Authors: Diana Doukhi, Virginie Siguret, Dominique Vodovar, Maxime Delrue, Peggy Reiner, Agnes Aghetti, Stéphanie Guey, Mikael Mazighi, Isabelle Crassard
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Brain and Behavior
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70394
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author Diana Doukhi
Virginie Siguret
Dominique Vodovar
Maxime Delrue
Peggy Reiner
Agnes Aghetti
Stéphanie Guey
Mikael Mazighi
Isabelle Crassard
author_facet Diana Doukhi
Virginie Siguret
Dominique Vodovar
Maxime Delrue
Peggy Reiner
Agnes Aghetti
Stéphanie Guey
Mikael Mazighi
Isabelle Crassard
author_sort Diana Doukhi
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has various risk factors, including contraception, pregnancy, neoplasia, and thrombophilia. Nitrous oxide (N₂O), historically used as an anesthetic and more recently as a recreational drug, has been associated with neurological complications such as myeloneuropathy and thromboembolic events. Here, we report two cases of CVT associated with N₂O use and provide a review of the literature on this association. Methods We describe two local cases of CVT associated with N2O use and 10 additional cases identified by literature review. Results Among the 12 patients, seven had co‐existing CVT risk factors. Most patients reported chronic N2O use. Hyperhomocysteinemia was reported in nine patients. Management included anticoagulation, vitamin supplementation, cessation of N₂O use, and support for addiction or psychiatric care. The outcome was generally favorable, although one local case experienced CVT recurrence following a relapse in N₂O use. Conclusions These cases highlight an emerging association between CVT and N₂O use. Prompt recognition of this link is critical to recommend cessation of N₂O use, alongside anticoagulation therapy and consideration of vitamin supplementation to prevent complications and recurrence.
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spelling doaj-art-48ec5cd0917f451a892279047f3ace062025-08-20T02:16:54ZengWileyBrain and Behavior2162-32792025-03-01153n/an/a10.1002/brb3.70394Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Nitrous Oxide Intoxication: Report of Two Cases and Review of the LiteratureDiana Doukhi0Virginie Siguret1Dominique Vodovar2Maxime Delrue3Peggy Reiner4Agnes Aghetti5Stéphanie Guey6Mikael Mazighi7Isabelle Crassard8Neurology Department Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP Paris FranceUniversité Paris Cité Paris FranceMédecine Intensive Réanimation, Hôpital Charles Nicolle Rouen FranceHematology Laboratory Department Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP Paris FranceNeurology Department Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP Paris FranceNeurology Department Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP Paris FranceNeurology Department Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP Paris FranceNeurology Department Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP Paris FranceNeurology Department Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP Paris FranceABSTRACT Background Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) has various risk factors, including contraception, pregnancy, neoplasia, and thrombophilia. Nitrous oxide (N₂O), historically used as an anesthetic and more recently as a recreational drug, has been associated with neurological complications such as myeloneuropathy and thromboembolic events. Here, we report two cases of CVT associated with N₂O use and provide a review of the literature on this association. Methods We describe two local cases of CVT associated with N2O use and 10 additional cases identified by literature review. Results Among the 12 patients, seven had co‐existing CVT risk factors. Most patients reported chronic N2O use. Hyperhomocysteinemia was reported in nine patients. Management included anticoagulation, vitamin supplementation, cessation of N₂O use, and support for addiction or psychiatric care. The outcome was generally favorable, although one local case experienced CVT recurrence following a relapse in N₂O use. Conclusions These cases highlight an emerging association between CVT and N₂O use. Prompt recognition of this link is critical to recommend cessation of N₂O use, alongside anticoagulation therapy and consideration of vitamin supplementation to prevent complications and recurrence.https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70394cerebral venous thrombosisdrughomocysteinenitrous oxidevitamin B12
spellingShingle Diana Doukhi
Virginie Siguret
Dominique Vodovar
Maxime Delrue
Peggy Reiner
Agnes Aghetti
Stéphanie Guey
Mikael Mazighi
Isabelle Crassard
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Nitrous Oxide Intoxication: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Brain and Behavior
cerebral venous thrombosis
drug
homocysteine
nitrous oxide
vitamin B12
title Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Nitrous Oxide Intoxication: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
title_full Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Nitrous Oxide Intoxication: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
title_fullStr Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Nitrous Oxide Intoxication: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Nitrous Oxide Intoxication: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
title_short Cerebral Venous Thrombosis and Nitrous Oxide Intoxication: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
title_sort cerebral venous thrombosis and nitrous oxide intoxication report of two cases and review of the literature
topic cerebral venous thrombosis
drug
homocysteine
nitrous oxide
vitamin B12
url https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.70394
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