Exomeres and supermeres: Current advances and perspectives
Recent studies have revealed a great diversity and complexity in extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs). The developments in techniques and the growing awareness of the particle heterogeneity have spurred active research on new particle subsets. Latest discoveries highlighted unique features an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Bioactive Materials |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X25001513 |
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| author | Li Yu Hui Shi Tingxin Gao Wenrong Xu Hui Qian Jiajia Jiang Xiao Yang Xingdong Zhang |
| author_facet | Li Yu Hui Shi Tingxin Gao Wenrong Xu Hui Qian Jiajia Jiang Xiao Yang Xingdong Zhang |
| author_sort | Li Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent studies have revealed a great diversity and complexity in extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs). The developments in techniques and the growing awareness of the particle heterogeneity have spurred active research on new particle subsets. Latest discoveries highlighted unique features and roles of non-vesicular extracellular nanoparticles (NVEPs) as promising biomarkers and targets for diseases. These nanoparticles are distinct from extracellular vesicles (EVs) in terms of their smaller particle sizes and lack of a bilayer membrane structure and they are enriched with diverse bioactive molecules particularly proteins and RNAs, which are widely reported to be delivered and packaged in exosomes. This review is focused on the two recently identified membraneless NVEPs, exomeres and supermeres, to provide an overview of their biogenesis and contents, particularly those bioactive substances linked to their bio-properties. This review also explains the concepts and characteristics of these nanoparticles, to compare them with other EVPs, especially EVs, as well as to discuss their isolation and identification methods, research interests, potential clinical applications and open questions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-48e66c8fb42d4d11922a404de3d0e75c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2452-199X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioactive Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-48e66c8fb42d4d11922a404de3d0e75c2025-08-20T02:39:48ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Bioactive Materials2452-199X2025-08-015032234310.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.04.012Exomeres and supermeres: Current advances and perspectivesLi Yu0Hui Shi1Tingxin Gao2Wenrong Xu3Hui Qian4Jiajia Jiang5Xiao Yang6Xingdong Zhang7Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, ChinaAoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China; Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland; Corresponding author. Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, China.Aoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, ChinaAoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, ChinaAoyang Institute of Cancer, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, 215600, Jiangsu, China; Corresponding author.National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China; Corresponding author.National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, ChinaRecent studies have revealed a great diversity and complexity in extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs). The developments in techniques and the growing awareness of the particle heterogeneity have spurred active research on new particle subsets. Latest discoveries highlighted unique features and roles of non-vesicular extracellular nanoparticles (NVEPs) as promising biomarkers and targets for diseases. These nanoparticles are distinct from extracellular vesicles (EVs) in terms of their smaller particle sizes and lack of a bilayer membrane structure and they are enriched with diverse bioactive molecules particularly proteins and RNAs, which are widely reported to be delivered and packaged in exosomes. This review is focused on the two recently identified membraneless NVEPs, exomeres and supermeres, to provide an overview of their biogenesis and contents, particularly those bioactive substances linked to their bio-properties. This review also explains the concepts and characteristics of these nanoparticles, to compare them with other EVPs, especially EVs, as well as to discuss their isolation and identification methods, research interests, potential clinical applications and open questions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X25001513NanoparticlesSupermeresExomeresSeparation and extractionDisease diagnosis and treatment |
| spellingShingle | Li Yu Hui Shi Tingxin Gao Wenrong Xu Hui Qian Jiajia Jiang Xiao Yang Xingdong Zhang Exomeres and supermeres: Current advances and perspectives Bioactive Materials Nanoparticles Supermeres Exomeres Separation and extraction Disease diagnosis and treatment |
| title | Exomeres and supermeres: Current advances and perspectives |
| title_full | Exomeres and supermeres: Current advances and perspectives |
| title_fullStr | Exomeres and supermeres: Current advances and perspectives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exomeres and supermeres: Current advances and perspectives |
| title_short | Exomeres and supermeres: Current advances and perspectives |
| title_sort | exomeres and supermeres current advances and perspectives |
| topic | Nanoparticles Supermeres Exomeres Separation and extraction Disease diagnosis and treatment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452199X25001513 |
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