Metabolites Discovery from <i>Streptomyces xanthus</i>: Exploring the Potential of Desert Microorganisms

The Taklamakan Desert is an extreme environment supporting a unique and diverse microbial community with significant potential for exploration. Strain TRM70308<sup>T</sup>, isolated from desert soil, shares 98.43% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with <i>Streptomyces alkaliterrae&...

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Main Authors: Xinrong Luo, Zhanwen Liu, Zhanfeng Xia, Xiaoxia Luo, Juan Zhang, Ailiang Chen, Haoxin Wang, Chuanxing Wan, Lili Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/2/164
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author Xinrong Luo
Zhanwen Liu
Zhanfeng Xia
Xiaoxia Luo
Juan Zhang
Ailiang Chen
Haoxin Wang
Chuanxing Wan
Lili Zhang
author_facet Xinrong Luo
Zhanwen Liu
Zhanfeng Xia
Xiaoxia Luo
Juan Zhang
Ailiang Chen
Haoxin Wang
Chuanxing Wan
Lili Zhang
author_sort Xinrong Luo
collection DOAJ
description The Taklamakan Desert is an extreme environment supporting a unique and diverse microbial community with significant potential for exploration. Strain TRM70308<sup>T</sup>, isolated from desert soil, shares 98.43% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with <i>Streptomyces alkaliterrae</i> OF1<sup>T</sup>. Polyphasic taxonomy confirmed TRM70308<sup>T</sup> as a novel species, named <i>Streptomyces xanthus</i>. Genomic analysis revealed that only one of the strain’s 25 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) formed a cluster of gene families (CGFs) within the MIBiG database, emphasizing its genomics uniqueness. LC-MS/MS and Feature-Based Molecular Networking (FBMN) identified 33 metabolites across various categories, including alkaloids, saponins, benzoic acids, and benzofurans, most of which remain uncharacterized. Further chemical investigation led to the isolation of one novel compound, aconicarpyrazine C, and four known compounds: thiolutin, dibutyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and <i>N</i>-acetyltryptamine. Thiolutin exhibited strong activity against five local fungal pathogens that cause plant diseases, with a production yield of 270 mg/L. These results establish a foundation for pilot-scale thiolutin production and its potential development as an antifungal agent for agricultural applications. Our findings highlight deserts as a valuable source of novel actinomycetes and bioactive natural products with immense potential for future research and development.
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spelling doaj-art-48d3d13d80094f7b94ec6d85cd40bcce2025-08-20T03:12:20ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-02-0114216410.3390/biology14020164Metabolites Discovery from <i>Streptomyces xanthus</i>: Exploring the Potential of Desert MicroorganismsXinrong Luo0Zhanwen Liu1Zhanfeng Xia2Xiaoxia Luo3Juan Zhang4Ailiang Chen5Haoxin Wang6Chuanxing Wan7Lili Zhang8State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaState Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaState Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaState Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, ChinaState Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaState Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resource in Tarim Basin, College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, ChinaThe Taklamakan Desert is an extreme environment supporting a unique and diverse microbial community with significant potential for exploration. Strain TRM70308<sup>T</sup>, isolated from desert soil, shares 98.43% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with <i>Streptomyces alkaliterrae</i> OF1<sup>T</sup>. Polyphasic taxonomy confirmed TRM70308<sup>T</sup> as a novel species, named <i>Streptomyces xanthus</i>. Genomic analysis revealed that only one of the strain’s 25 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) formed a cluster of gene families (CGFs) within the MIBiG database, emphasizing its genomics uniqueness. LC-MS/MS and Feature-Based Molecular Networking (FBMN) identified 33 metabolites across various categories, including alkaloids, saponins, benzoic acids, and benzofurans, most of which remain uncharacterized. Further chemical investigation led to the isolation of one novel compound, aconicarpyrazine C, and four known compounds: thiolutin, dibutyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and <i>N</i>-acetyltryptamine. Thiolutin exhibited strong activity against five local fungal pathogens that cause plant diseases, with a production yield of 270 mg/L. These results establish a foundation for pilot-scale thiolutin production and its potential development as an antifungal agent for agricultural applications. Our findings highlight deserts as a valuable source of novel actinomycetes and bioactive natural products with immense potential for future research and development.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/2/164actinomycetepolyphasic taxonomygenomicsmetabolomicsthiolutinTaklamakan desert
spellingShingle Xinrong Luo
Zhanwen Liu
Zhanfeng Xia
Xiaoxia Luo
Juan Zhang
Ailiang Chen
Haoxin Wang
Chuanxing Wan
Lili Zhang
Metabolites Discovery from <i>Streptomyces xanthus</i>: Exploring the Potential of Desert Microorganisms
Biology
actinomycete
polyphasic taxonomy
genomics
metabolomics
thiolutin
Taklamakan desert
title Metabolites Discovery from <i>Streptomyces xanthus</i>: Exploring the Potential of Desert Microorganisms
title_full Metabolites Discovery from <i>Streptomyces xanthus</i>: Exploring the Potential of Desert Microorganisms
title_fullStr Metabolites Discovery from <i>Streptomyces xanthus</i>: Exploring the Potential of Desert Microorganisms
title_full_unstemmed Metabolites Discovery from <i>Streptomyces xanthus</i>: Exploring the Potential of Desert Microorganisms
title_short Metabolites Discovery from <i>Streptomyces xanthus</i>: Exploring the Potential of Desert Microorganisms
title_sort metabolites discovery from i streptomyces xanthus i exploring the potential of desert microorganisms
topic actinomycete
polyphasic taxonomy
genomics
metabolomics
thiolutin
Taklamakan desert
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/2/164
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