Semiconducting Small Molecules as Active Materials for p‐Type Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Abstract A series of semiconducting small molecules with bithiophene or bis‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene cores are designed and synthesized. The molecules display stable reversible oxidation in solution and can be reversibly oxidized in the solid state with aqueous electrolyte when functionalized with...

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Main Authors: Zachary S. Parr, Reem B. Rashid, Bryan D. Paulsen, Benjamin Poggi, Ellasia Tan, Mark Freeley, Matteo Palma, Isaac Abrahams, Jonathan Rivnay, Christian B. Nielsen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2020-06-01
Series:Advanced Electronic Materials
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202000215
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author Zachary S. Parr
Reem B. Rashid
Bryan D. Paulsen
Benjamin Poggi
Ellasia Tan
Mark Freeley
Matteo Palma
Isaac Abrahams
Jonathan Rivnay
Christian B. Nielsen
author_facet Zachary S. Parr
Reem B. Rashid
Bryan D. Paulsen
Benjamin Poggi
Ellasia Tan
Mark Freeley
Matteo Palma
Isaac Abrahams
Jonathan Rivnay
Christian B. Nielsen
author_sort Zachary S. Parr
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A series of semiconducting small molecules with bithiophene or bis‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene cores are designed and synthesized. The molecules display stable reversible oxidation in solution and can be reversibly oxidized in the solid state with aqueous electrolyte when functionalized with polar triethylene glycol side chains. Evidence of promising ion injection properties observed with cyclic voltammetry is complemented by strong electrochromism probed by spectroelectrochemistry. Blending these molecules with high molecular weight polyethylene oxide (PEO) is found to improve both ion injection and thin film stability. The molecules and their corresponding PEO blends are investigated as active layers in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). For the most promising molecule:polymer blend (P4E4:PEO), p‐type accumulation mode OECTs with µA drain currents, μS peak transconductances, and a µC* figure‐of‐merit value of 0.81 F V−1 cm−1 s−1 are obtained.
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series Advanced Electronic Materials
spelling doaj-art-48bd5fb701d844a59c86c0153d60c4c22025-08-20T02:46:17ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Electronic Materials2199-160X2020-06-0166n/an/a10.1002/aelm.202000215Semiconducting Small Molecules as Active Materials for p‐Type Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical TransistorsZachary S. Parr0Reem B. Rashid1Bryan D. Paulsen2Benjamin Poggi3Ellasia Tan4Mark Freeley5Matteo Palma6Isaac Abrahams7Jonathan Rivnay8Christian B. Nielsen9Materials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UKDepartment of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60202 USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60202 USAMaterials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UKMaterials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UKMaterials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UKMaterials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UKMaterials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UKDepartment of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60202 USAMaterials Research Institute and School of Biological and Chemical Sciences Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UKAbstract A series of semiconducting small molecules with bithiophene or bis‐3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene cores are designed and synthesized. The molecules display stable reversible oxidation in solution and can be reversibly oxidized in the solid state with aqueous electrolyte when functionalized with polar triethylene glycol side chains. Evidence of promising ion injection properties observed with cyclic voltammetry is complemented by strong electrochromism probed by spectroelectrochemistry. Blending these molecules with high molecular weight polyethylene oxide (PEO) is found to improve both ion injection and thin film stability. The molecules and their corresponding PEO blends are investigated as active layers in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). For the most promising molecule:polymer blend (P4E4:PEO), p‐type accumulation mode OECTs with µA drain currents, μS peak transconductances, and a µC* figure‐of‐merit value of 0.81 F V−1 cm−1 s−1 are obtained.https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202000215π‐conjugated small moleculesmixed ionic‐electronic conductionorganic electrochemical transistors
spellingShingle Zachary S. Parr
Reem B. Rashid
Bryan D. Paulsen
Benjamin Poggi
Ellasia Tan
Mark Freeley
Matteo Palma
Isaac Abrahams
Jonathan Rivnay
Christian B. Nielsen
Semiconducting Small Molecules as Active Materials for p‐Type Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Advanced Electronic Materials
π‐conjugated small molecules
mixed ionic‐electronic conduction
organic electrochemical transistors
title Semiconducting Small Molecules as Active Materials for p‐Type Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors
title_full Semiconducting Small Molecules as Active Materials for p‐Type Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors
title_fullStr Semiconducting Small Molecules as Active Materials for p‐Type Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors
title_full_unstemmed Semiconducting Small Molecules as Active Materials for p‐Type Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors
title_short Semiconducting Small Molecules as Active Materials for p‐Type Accumulation Mode Organic Electrochemical Transistors
title_sort semiconducting small molecules as active materials for p type accumulation mode organic electrochemical transistors
topic π‐conjugated small molecules
mixed ionic‐electronic conduction
organic electrochemical transistors
url https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202000215
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