Spectral Properties of Suprathermal Protons Associated with Interplanetary Shocks from WIND/STICS Data

Here are analyzed 3D velocity distribution functions (VDFs) of protons in the suprathermal energy-per-charge ( E / Q ) domain of 6.2 to 223.1 keV/e, as observed by the WIND Suprathermal Ion Composition Spectrometer (WIND/STICS) between 1995 and 2019, upon passage of interplanetary (IP) shocks. “Supr...

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Main Authors: Johann Rubens Mejia-Ott, Brent M. Randol
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7134
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author Johann Rubens Mejia-Ott
Brent M. Randol
author_facet Johann Rubens Mejia-Ott
Brent M. Randol
author_sort Johann Rubens Mejia-Ott
collection DOAJ
description Here are analyzed 3D velocity distribution functions (VDFs) of protons in the suprathermal energy-per-charge ( E / Q ) domain of 6.2 to 223.1 keV/e, as observed by the WIND Suprathermal Ion Composition Spectrometer (WIND/STICS) between 1995 and 2019, upon passage of interplanetary (IP) shocks. “Suprathermal” designates energies above the bulk, “thermal” solar wind, including inner-source pickup ions, cometary ions, solar energetic particles, and suprathermal tail particles. Within the WIND/STICS measurements, here treated as a standalone data set, only 3D VDFs within 9 hr prior to and following the shock passage are selected, as identified by the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) Harvard Interplanetary Shock Database. These are subsequently averaged, first over the STICS field of view, then over 3 hr intervals in the 9 hr about the shock. The averages, with errors assuming Poisson statistics, are then fitted using the Levenburg–Marquardt nonlinear least squares technique to two simple, observationally suggested functions arising from diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) formalism: a power law in E / Q with spectral index (model I), and a power-law with exponential rollover having a cutoff in E / Q (model II). The first result is a comparison of upstream spectral indices, e-folding energies, and normalization constants with corresponding downstream values. The second is a comparison of fitted spectral indices against those given by measured CfA shock compression ratios and a comparison of fitted e-folding energies with those given by measured ratios and shock normal angles, per DSA-derived predictions. There is additionally a comparison between fitted parameters given by the two functional forms. Little agreement is found with values given by DSA.
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spelling doaj-art-48b006d032f84a519db29807c4a91eb42025-08-20T02:16:55ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-01974225510.3847/1538-4357/ad7134Spectral Properties of Suprathermal Protons Associated with Interplanetary Shocks from WIND/STICS DataJohann Rubens Mejia-Ott0Brent M. Randol1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-4804Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America , Washington, DC, USANASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD, USAHere are analyzed 3D velocity distribution functions (VDFs) of protons in the suprathermal energy-per-charge ( E / Q ) domain of 6.2 to 223.1 keV/e, as observed by the WIND Suprathermal Ion Composition Spectrometer (WIND/STICS) between 1995 and 2019, upon passage of interplanetary (IP) shocks. “Suprathermal” designates energies above the bulk, “thermal” solar wind, including inner-source pickup ions, cometary ions, solar energetic particles, and suprathermal tail particles. Within the WIND/STICS measurements, here treated as a standalone data set, only 3D VDFs within 9 hr prior to and following the shock passage are selected, as identified by the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) Harvard Interplanetary Shock Database. These are subsequently averaged, first over the STICS field of view, then over 3 hr intervals in the 9 hr about the shock. The averages, with errors assuming Poisson statistics, are then fitted using the Levenburg–Marquardt nonlinear least squares technique to two simple, observationally suggested functions arising from diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) formalism: a power law in E / Q with spectral index (model I), and a power-law with exponential rollover having a cutoff in E / Q (model II). The first result is a comparison of upstream spectral indices, e-folding energies, and normalization constants with corresponding downstream values. The second is a comparison of fitted spectral indices against those given by measured CfA shock compression ratios and a comparison of fitted e-folding energies with those given by measured ratios and shock normal angles, per DSA-derived predictions. There is additionally a comparison between fitted parameters given by the two functional forms. Little agreement is found with values given by DSA.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7134Interplanetary physics
spellingShingle Johann Rubens Mejia-Ott
Brent M. Randol
Spectral Properties of Suprathermal Protons Associated with Interplanetary Shocks from WIND/STICS Data
The Astrophysical Journal
Interplanetary physics
title Spectral Properties of Suprathermal Protons Associated with Interplanetary Shocks from WIND/STICS Data
title_full Spectral Properties of Suprathermal Protons Associated with Interplanetary Shocks from WIND/STICS Data
title_fullStr Spectral Properties of Suprathermal Protons Associated with Interplanetary Shocks from WIND/STICS Data
title_full_unstemmed Spectral Properties of Suprathermal Protons Associated with Interplanetary Shocks from WIND/STICS Data
title_short Spectral Properties of Suprathermal Protons Associated with Interplanetary Shocks from WIND/STICS Data
title_sort spectral properties of suprathermal protons associated with interplanetary shocks from wind stics data
topic Interplanetary physics
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad7134
work_keys_str_mv AT johannrubensmejiaott spectralpropertiesofsuprathermalprotonsassociatedwithinterplanetaryshocksfromwindsticsdata
AT brentmrandol spectralpropertiesofsuprathermalprotonsassociatedwithinterplanetaryshocksfromwindsticsdata