A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches for Carotenoids Assessment in Plant-Based Foods: Advances, Applications, and Future Directions

Carotenoids are essential bioactive compounds in plant-based foods, valued for their antioxidant properties and role in human health. Accurate quantification of these pigments is critical for food science, nutrition, and health research, yet their analysis remains challenging due to structural compl...

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Main Authors: Marcin A. Kurek, Havva Aktaş, Patryk Pokorski, Ewelina Pogorzelska-Nowicka, Jorge A. Custodio-Mendoza
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3506
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author Marcin A. Kurek
Havva Aktaş
Patryk Pokorski
Ewelina Pogorzelska-Nowicka
Jorge A. Custodio-Mendoza
author_facet Marcin A. Kurek
Havva Aktaş
Patryk Pokorski
Ewelina Pogorzelska-Nowicka
Jorge A. Custodio-Mendoza
author_sort Marcin A. Kurek
collection DOAJ
description Carotenoids are essential bioactive compounds in plant-based foods, valued for their antioxidant properties and role in human health. Accurate quantification of these pigments is critical for food science, nutrition, and health research, yet their analysis remains challenging due to structural complexity, susceptibility to degradation, and matrix interferences. This review comprehensively evaluates analytical techniques for carotenoid assessment, focusing on chromatographic advancements, emerging detection strategies, and sustainability considerations. High-performance liquid chromatography remains the gold standard due to its precision, while novel approaches such as supercritical fluid chromatography and core–shell particle technology enhance efficiency and environmental sustainability. Machine learning and lab-on-a-chip technologies are also emerging as promising tools for rapid, cost-effective, and miniaturized analysis. Challenges in standardization, regulatory gaps, and the limited availability of certified reference materials persist, emphasizing the need for fully validated analytical methodologies. Future research should prioritize green analytical techniques and interdisciplinary strategies to improve sensitivity, reproducibility, and environmental impact. This review provides a critical resource for researchers and industry professionals willing to refine carotenoid analysis for food science, nutrition, and biotechnology applications.
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spelling doaj-art-4895281628824c5db71e1193c3d99ca22025-08-20T03:08:43ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01157350610.3390/app15073506A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches for Carotenoids Assessment in Plant-Based Foods: Advances, Applications, and Future DirectionsMarcin A. Kurek0Havva Aktaş1Patryk Pokorski2Ewelina Pogorzelska-Nowicka3Jorge A. Custodio-Mendoza4Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warszawa, PolandCarotenoids are essential bioactive compounds in plant-based foods, valued for their antioxidant properties and role in human health. Accurate quantification of these pigments is critical for food science, nutrition, and health research, yet their analysis remains challenging due to structural complexity, susceptibility to degradation, and matrix interferences. This review comprehensively evaluates analytical techniques for carotenoid assessment, focusing on chromatographic advancements, emerging detection strategies, and sustainability considerations. High-performance liquid chromatography remains the gold standard due to its precision, while novel approaches such as supercritical fluid chromatography and core–shell particle technology enhance efficiency and environmental sustainability. Machine learning and lab-on-a-chip technologies are also emerging as promising tools for rapid, cost-effective, and miniaturized analysis. Challenges in standardization, regulatory gaps, and the limited availability of certified reference materials persist, emphasizing the need for fully validated analytical methodologies. Future research should prioritize green analytical techniques and interdisciplinary strategies to improve sensitivity, reproducibility, and environmental impact. This review provides a critical resource for researchers and industry professionals willing to refine carotenoid analysis for food science, nutrition, and biotechnology applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3506carotenoid analysisHPLCsupercritical fluid chromatographysample preparationgreen analytical chemistrymachine learning
spellingShingle Marcin A. Kurek
Havva Aktaş
Patryk Pokorski
Ewelina Pogorzelska-Nowicka
Jorge A. Custodio-Mendoza
A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches for Carotenoids Assessment in Plant-Based Foods: Advances, Applications, and Future Directions
Applied Sciences
carotenoid analysis
HPLC
supercritical fluid chromatography
sample preparation
green analytical chemistry
machine learning
title A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches for Carotenoids Assessment in Plant-Based Foods: Advances, Applications, and Future Directions
title_full A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches for Carotenoids Assessment in Plant-Based Foods: Advances, Applications, and Future Directions
title_fullStr A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches for Carotenoids Assessment in Plant-Based Foods: Advances, Applications, and Future Directions
title_full_unstemmed A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches for Carotenoids Assessment in Plant-Based Foods: Advances, Applications, and Future Directions
title_short A Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches for Carotenoids Assessment in Plant-Based Foods: Advances, Applications, and Future Directions
title_sort comprehensive review of analytical approaches for carotenoids assessment in plant based foods advances applications and future directions
topic carotenoid analysis
HPLC
supercritical fluid chromatography
sample preparation
green analytical chemistry
machine learning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3506
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