Neural Fault Observer-Based On-Board Prognostics for Automotive Electric Power Steering Systems

Electric power steering (EPS) systems form a fundamental unit in modern automotive vehicles, providing motor assistance to aid the driver’s manual maneuvering. Preventing loss of assist (LoA) in advance is critical for EPS systems to mitigate fatal accidents and reduce maintenance costs....

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Main Authors: Gyuwon Kim, Jongick Won, Sangjin Ko, Jinhwan Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10908410/
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author Gyuwon Kim
Jongick Won
Sangjin Ko
Jinhwan Lee
author_facet Gyuwon Kim
Jongick Won
Sangjin Ko
Jinhwan Lee
author_sort Gyuwon Kim
collection DOAJ
description Electric power steering (EPS) systems form a fundamental unit in modern automotive vehicles, providing motor assistance to aid the driver’s manual maneuvering. Preventing loss of assist (LoA) in advance is critical for EPS systems to mitigate fatal accidents and reduce maintenance costs. As part of the recent interest in intelligent software-defined vehicles (SDV), data-driven approaches have gained much attention to overcome the limitations of conventional fail-safe mechanisms and provide value-added maintenance strategies. While related works in the field have shown promising results, they are limited to proof-of-concept studies validated under simulation and test-bed environments. Here, we present a novel deep learning (DL)-based method to detect EPS performance degradation using experimental data acquired from a commercial vehicle’ s controller area network (CAN) bus. Our approach initially proposes a neural fault observer model and its adversarial learning scheme to represent the EPS system’s normal operating dynamics. We demonstrate that our proposed model can detect degradation levels down to ten percent from normal conditions under various driving scenarios based on an anomaly detection mechanism that outperforms baseline methods in quantitative and qualitative measures. Furthermore, we provide physically relevant intuitions of our closed-box model’s inference mechanism based on its attention-based saliency map to strengthen the reliability aspect of our data-driven approach. Lastly, we demonstrate that a quantized model can operate in real-time on an automotive electronic control unit (ECU) device.
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spelling doaj-art-4894bff7a2ff451bb8adfe063813ca082025-08-20T02:47:38ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113423124232110.1109/ACCESS.2025.354692610908410Neural Fault Observer-Based On-Board Prognostics for Automotive Electric Power Steering SystemsGyuwon Kim0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7259-099XJongick Won1https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7387-9216Sangjin Ko2Jinhwan Lee3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-5868Global Research and Development Center, HL Mando Corporation, Seongnam, Republic of KoreaGlobal Research and Development Center, HL Mando Corporation, Seongnam, Republic of KoreaGlobal Research and Development Center, HL Mando Corporation, Seongnam, Republic of KoreaGlobal Research and Development Center, HL Mando Corporation, Seongnam, Republic of KoreaElectric power steering (EPS) systems form a fundamental unit in modern automotive vehicles, providing motor assistance to aid the driver’s manual maneuvering. Preventing loss of assist (LoA) in advance is critical for EPS systems to mitigate fatal accidents and reduce maintenance costs. As part of the recent interest in intelligent software-defined vehicles (SDV), data-driven approaches have gained much attention to overcome the limitations of conventional fail-safe mechanisms and provide value-added maintenance strategies. While related works in the field have shown promising results, they are limited to proof-of-concept studies validated under simulation and test-bed environments. Here, we present a novel deep learning (DL)-based method to detect EPS performance degradation using experimental data acquired from a commercial vehicle’ s controller area network (CAN) bus. Our approach initially proposes a neural fault observer model and its adversarial learning scheme to represent the EPS system’s normal operating dynamics. We demonstrate that our proposed model can detect degradation levels down to ten percent from normal conditions under various driving scenarios based on an anomaly detection mechanism that outperforms baseline methods in quantitative and qualitative measures. Furthermore, we provide physically relevant intuitions of our closed-box model’s inference mechanism based on its attention-based saliency map to strengthen the reliability aspect of our data-driven approach. Lastly, we demonstrate that a quantized model can operate in real-time on an automotive electronic control unit (ECU) device.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10908410/Deep learningelectric power steering (EPS)fault observerprognosticssoftware-defined vehicle (SDV)
spellingShingle Gyuwon Kim
Jongick Won
Sangjin Ko
Jinhwan Lee
Neural Fault Observer-Based On-Board Prognostics for Automotive Electric Power Steering Systems
IEEE Access
Deep learning
electric power steering (EPS)
fault observer
prognostics
software-defined vehicle (SDV)
title Neural Fault Observer-Based On-Board Prognostics for Automotive Electric Power Steering Systems
title_full Neural Fault Observer-Based On-Board Prognostics for Automotive Electric Power Steering Systems
title_fullStr Neural Fault Observer-Based On-Board Prognostics for Automotive Electric Power Steering Systems
title_full_unstemmed Neural Fault Observer-Based On-Board Prognostics for Automotive Electric Power Steering Systems
title_short Neural Fault Observer-Based On-Board Prognostics for Automotive Electric Power Steering Systems
title_sort neural fault observer based on board prognostics for automotive electric power steering systems
topic Deep learning
electric power steering (EPS)
fault observer
prognostics
software-defined vehicle (SDV)
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10908410/
work_keys_str_mv AT gyuwonkim neuralfaultobserverbasedonboardprognosticsforautomotiveelectricpowersteeringsystems
AT jongickwon neuralfaultobserverbasedonboardprognosticsforautomotiveelectricpowersteeringsystems
AT sangjinko neuralfaultobserverbasedonboardprognosticsforautomotiveelectricpowersteeringsystems
AT jinhwanlee neuralfaultobserverbasedonboardprognosticsforautomotiveelectricpowersteeringsystems