The association between aggregate index of systemic inflammation and DXA-measured body composition parameters in adolescents

BackgroundSystemic inflammation during adolescence may critically influence metabolic and musculoskeletal health, yet comprehensive biomarkers predicting adverse body composition remain underexplored. The aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), integrating neutrophils, platelets, monocytes,...

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Main Authors: Haihua Wang, Luping Tao, Zhongxin Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Physiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1612735/full
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author Haihua Wang
Luping Tao
Zhongxin Zhu
author_facet Haihua Wang
Luping Tao
Zhongxin Zhu
author_sort Haihua Wang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundSystemic inflammation during adolescence may critically influence metabolic and musculoskeletal health, yet comprehensive biomarkers predicting adverse body composition remain underexplored. The aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), integrating neutrophils, platelets, monocytes, and lymphocytes, offers a novel metric to assess this relationship.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed 3,661 adolescents (aged 12–19 years) from NHANES 2011–2018. AISI was calculated from complete blood counts, and body composition parameters—appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), visceral adipose tissue area (VATA), and total bone mineral density (BMD)—were measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariable linear regression and threshold effect models evaluated associations, adjusting for demographic, metabolic, and lifestyle covariates.ResultsHigher logAISI was associated with lower ALMI (β = −0.189, 95% CI: −0.262 to −0.116), greater VATA (β = 3.017, 1.266–4.769), and reduced BMD (β = −0.017, −0.027 to −0.007). A threshold effect emerged at logAISI = 2.2, beyond which inflammation’s impact on VATA and BMD intensified.ConclusionElevated AISI correlates with adverse body composition in adolescents. The identified threshold suggests a potential clinical benchmark for early intervention. These findings underscore systemic inflammation as a modifiable target to mitigate metabolic and musculoskeletal risks during this critical developmental period.
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spelling doaj-art-48949aa6028946eeb2bad2c97c362db42025-08-20T03:45:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2025-06-011610.3389/fphys.2025.16127351612735The association between aggregate index of systemic inflammation and DXA-measured body composition parameters in adolescentsHaihua Wang0Luping Tao1Zhongxin Zhu2Department of Hospital Management, The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Research Center, The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Research Center, The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaBackgroundSystemic inflammation during adolescence may critically influence metabolic and musculoskeletal health, yet comprehensive biomarkers predicting adverse body composition remain underexplored. The aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI), integrating neutrophils, platelets, monocytes, and lymphocytes, offers a novel metric to assess this relationship.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed 3,661 adolescents (aged 12–19 years) from NHANES 2011–2018. AISI was calculated from complete blood counts, and body composition parameters—appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), visceral adipose tissue area (VATA), and total bone mineral density (BMD)—were measured via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Multivariable linear regression and threshold effect models evaluated associations, adjusting for demographic, metabolic, and lifestyle covariates.ResultsHigher logAISI was associated with lower ALMI (β = −0.189, 95% CI: −0.262 to −0.116), greater VATA (β = 3.017, 1.266–4.769), and reduced BMD (β = −0.017, −0.027 to −0.007). A threshold effect emerged at logAISI = 2.2, beyond which inflammation’s impact on VATA and BMD intensified.ConclusionElevated AISI correlates with adverse body composition in adolescents. The identified threshold suggests a potential clinical benchmark for early intervention. These findings underscore systemic inflammation as a modifiable target to mitigate metabolic and musculoskeletal risks during this critical developmental period.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1612735/fullsystemic inflammationadolescentsbody compositionmuscle massvisceral adipositybone density
spellingShingle Haihua Wang
Luping Tao
Zhongxin Zhu
The association between aggregate index of systemic inflammation and DXA-measured body composition parameters in adolescents
Frontiers in Physiology
systemic inflammation
adolescents
body composition
muscle mass
visceral adiposity
bone density
title The association between aggregate index of systemic inflammation and DXA-measured body composition parameters in adolescents
title_full The association between aggregate index of systemic inflammation and DXA-measured body composition parameters in adolescents
title_fullStr The association between aggregate index of systemic inflammation and DXA-measured body composition parameters in adolescents
title_full_unstemmed The association between aggregate index of systemic inflammation and DXA-measured body composition parameters in adolescents
title_short The association between aggregate index of systemic inflammation and DXA-measured body composition parameters in adolescents
title_sort association between aggregate index of systemic inflammation and dxa measured body composition parameters in adolescents
topic systemic inflammation
adolescents
body composition
muscle mass
visceral adiposity
bone density
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1612735/full
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