Clinician attitudes, opinions and practice patterns regarding inotrope use for cardiac surgery in the USA: a multicentre mixed methods study protocol

Introduction Cardiac inotrope medications administered to cardiac surgical patients carry steep risk–benefit trade-offs, yet wide inter-institutional variation exists in inotrope practices. Despite known wide variation in use of any inotrope for cardiac surgery, limited multicentre data exist regard...

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Main Authors: Milisa Manojlovich, Graciela Mentz, Timothy Guetterman, Kamrouz Ghadimi, Sachin Kheterpal, Donald S Likosky, Michael R Mathis, Allison M Janda, Zhenke Wu, Kamolnat Mirizzi, Courtney J Burns, Keith D Aaronson, Francis D Pagani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-03-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e100306.full
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author Milisa Manojlovich
Graciela Mentz
Timothy Guetterman
Kamrouz Ghadimi
Sachin Kheterpal
Donald S Likosky
Michael R Mathis
Allison M Janda
Zhenke Wu
Kamolnat Mirizzi
Courtney J Burns
Keith D Aaronson
Francis D Pagani
author_facet Milisa Manojlovich
Graciela Mentz
Timothy Guetterman
Kamrouz Ghadimi
Sachin Kheterpal
Donald S Likosky
Michael R Mathis
Allison M Janda
Zhenke Wu
Kamolnat Mirizzi
Courtney J Burns
Keith D Aaronson
Francis D Pagani
author_sort Milisa Manojlovich
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Cardiac inotrope medications administered to cardiac surgical patients carry steep risk–benefit trade-offs, yet wide inter-institutional variation exists in inotrope practices. Despite known wide variation in use of any inotrope for cardiac surgery, limited multicentre data exist regarding determinants of inotrope selection and time course for use. Additionally, the reasons that underpin how clinicians decide on inotrope usage and the factors that influence inotrope practice change are not well understood.Methods and analysis This is an investigator-initiated, multicentre mixed methods study. Quantitative data will include electronic health records from an observational cohort of adult cardiac procedures within the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) database, comprising cardiac surgical procedures from over 30 US academic and community hospitals. Additional quantitative data will be collected via surveys of clinicians involved in inotrope decision-making, contacted through an existing multicentre research and quality improvement infrastructure with engaged clinician representatives participating across MPOG hospitals. Qualitative data will be collected from open-ended questions within surveys, as well as semi-structured interviews with surveyed clinicians, sampled across approximately six institutions selected for diversity of settings and inotrope practices. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design will merge quantitative and qualitative data to develop meta-inferences explaining inotrope practices, as guided by an existing framework for characterising clinical practice variation and levers for practice change.Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the institutional review board at the University of Michigan Medical School (HUM00245353). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings and quality improvement forums. The study began in February 2025 and will continue until 2028.
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spelling doaj-art-4892ce6e4c7c46b6ac116b99aef340d52025-08-20T01:55:18ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-03-0115310.1136/bmjopen-2025-100306Clinician attitudes, opinions and practice patterns regarding inotrope use for cardiac surgery in the USA: a multicentre mixed methods study protocolMilisa Manojlovich0Graciela Mentz1Timothy Guetterman2Kamrouz Ghadimi3Sachin Kheterpal4Donald S Likosky5Michael R Mathis6Allison M Janda7Zhenke Wu8Kamolnat Mirizzi9Courtney J Burns10Keith D Aaronson11Francis D Pagani12School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USADepartment of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USADuke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USADepartment of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USADepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USADepartment of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USADepartment of Internal Medicine—Cardiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USADepartment of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USAIntroduction Cardiac inotrope medications administered to cardiac surgical patients carry steep risk–benefit trade-offs, yet wide inter-institutional variation exists in inotrope practices. Despite known wide variation in use of any inotrope for cardiac surgery, limited multicentre data exist regarding determinants of inotrope selection and time course for use. Additionally, the reasons that underpin how clinicians decide on inotrope usage and the factors that influence inotrope practice change are not well understood.Methods and analysis This is an investigator-initiated, multicentre mixed methods study. Quantitative data will include electronic health records from an observational cohort of adult cardiac procedures within the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) database, comprising cardiac surgical procedures from over 30 US academic and community hospitals. Additional quantitative data will be collected via surveys of clinicians involved in inotrope decision-making, contacted through an existing multicentre research and quality improvement infrastructure with engaged clinician representatives participating across MPOG hospitals. Qualitative data will be collected from open-ended questions within surveys, as well as semi-structured interviews with surveyed clinicians, sampled across approximately six institutions selected for diversity of settings and inotrope practices. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design will merge quantitative and qualitative data to develop meta-inferences explaining inotrope practices, as guided by an existing framework for characterising clinical practice variation and levers for practice change.Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the institutional review board at the University of Michigan Medical School (HUM00245353). Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings and quality improvement forums. The study began in February 2025 and will continue until 2028.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e100306.full
spellingShingle Milisa Manojlovich
Graciela Mentz
Timothy Guetterman
Kamrouz Ghadimi
Sachin Kheterpal
Donald S Likosky
Michael R Mathis
Allison M Janda
Zhenke Wu
Kamolnat Mirizzi
Courtney J Burns
Keith D Aaronson
Francis D Pagani
Clinician attitudes, opinions and practice patterns regarding inotrope use for cardiac surgery in the USA: a multicentre mixed methods study protocol
BMJ Open
title Clinician attitudes, opinions and practice patterns regarding inotrope use for cardiac surgery in the USA: a multicentre mixed methods study protocol
title_full Clinician attitudes, opinions and practice patterns regarding inotrope use for cardiac surgery in the USA: a multicentre mixed methods study protocol
title_fullStr Clinician attitudes, opinions and practice patterns regarding inotrope use for cardiac surgery in the USA: a multicentre mixed methods study protocol
title_full_unstemmed Clinician attitudes, opinions and practice patterns regarding inotrope use for cardiac surgery in the USA: a multicentre mixed methods study protocol
title_short Clinician attitudes, opinions and practice patterns regarding inotrope use for cardiac surgery in the USA: a multicentre mixed methods study protocol
title_sort clinician attitudes opinions and practice patterns regarding inotrope use for cardiac surgery in the usa a multicentre mixed methods study protocol
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/3/e100306.full
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