Impact of transversus abdominis plane block on length of stay and postoperative opioid use in anterior lumbar interbody fusions

Background: Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is an increasingly common surgical procedure for a variety of spinal pathologies. As both opioid use and healthcare costs remain major national healthcare crises, it is crucial to understand methods of effective pain management in spine surgery, in...

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Main Authors: Katherine Drexelius, MD, Steven Baltic, MD, MS, Kennedy Gachigi, MS, Caleb Lifsey, BS, Rebecca Kelso, MD, P. Bradley Segebarth, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:North American Spine Society Journal
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266654842500191X
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author Katherine Drexelius, MD
Steven Baltic, MD, MS
Kennedy Gachigi, MS
Caleb Lifsey, BS
Rebecca Kelso, MD
P. Bradley Segebarth, MD
author_facet Katherine Drexelius, MD
Steven Baltic, MD, MS
Kennedy Gachigi, MS
Caleb Lifsey, BS
Rebecca Kelso, MD
P. Bradley Segebarth, MD
author_sort Katherine Drexelius, MD
collection DOAJ
description Background: Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is an increasingly common surgical procedure for a variety of spinal pathologies. As both opioid use and healthcare costs remain major national healthcare crises, it is crucial to understand methods of effective pain management in spine surgery, including regional anesthesia. While transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks are also commonly performed for anterior spinal surgery, literature evaluating outcomes after TAP blocks for ALIF patients is sparse. This retrospective cohort study aims to determine the effect of TAP blocks on perioperative opioid use and hospital length of stay. Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed for patients 18 years or older undergoing 1- or 2-level ALIF with or without posterior percutaneous instrumented fusion. Baseline demographics, surgical details, length of stay (LOS), and data on inpatient opioid use (converted to morphine milliequivalents, MME) was collected. Total MME and MME stratified by postoperative day (POD) was collected. Bivariable and multivariable regression models were used to analyze the relationship of TAP blocks with LOS and narcotic use postoperatively. Results: About 295 patients were included, with 102 (34.6%) undergoing TAP block and 193 (65.4%) patients without TAP block. There were no significant differences in baseline patient characteristics. Use of a TAP block had no statistically significant effect on LOS, and bivariable analysis revealed no effect when groups were analyzed by sex, age, BMI, preoperative opioid use, or number of levels fused. TAP block patients received significantly more MME on POD 0 and on combined POD 1 and 2 than those without a TAP block. Bivariable analysis did not reveal any subgroup who benefitted from a TAP block. Conclusions: With the largest patient cohort reported to date, we found no statistically significant improvements in length of stay or short-term postoperative opioid usage when patients received TAP blocks for anterior lumbar interbody fusion.
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spelling doaj-art-488fabd251f3448ba930d650e2c91cf52025-08-20T03:59:37ZengElsevierNorth American Spine Society Journal2666-54842025-09-012310077110.1016/j.xnsj.2025.100771Impact of transversus abdominis plane block on length of stay and postoperative opioid use in anterior lumbar interbody fusionsKatherine Drexelius, MD0Steven Baltic, MD, MS1Kennedy Gachigi, MS2Caleb Lifsey, BS3Rebecca Kelso, MD4P. Bradley Segebarth, MD5Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA; Corresponding author. Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, 1000 Blythe Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA.OrthoCarolina Spine Center, Charlotte, NC, USAOrthoCarolina Spine Center, Charlotte, NC, USAOrthoCarolina Spine Center, Charlotte, NC, USADepartment of Vascular Surgery, Novant Health, Charlotte, NC, USAOrthoCarolina Spine Center, Charlotte, NC, USABackground: Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is an increasingly common surgical procedure for a variety of spinal pathologies. As both opioid use and healthcare costs remain major national healthcare crises, it is crucial to understand methods of effective pain management in spine surgery, including regional anesthesia. While transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks are also commonly performed for anterior spinal surgery, literature evaluating outcomes after TAP blocks for ALIF patients is sparse. This retrospective cohort study aims to determine the effect of TAP blocks on perioperative opioid use and hospital length of stay. Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed for patients 18 years or older undergoing 1- or 2-level ALIF with or without posterior percutaneous instrumented fusion. Baseline demographics, surgical details, length of stay (LOS), and data on inpatient opioid use (converted to morphine milliequivalents, MME) was collected. Total MME and MME stratified by postoperative day (POD) was collected. Bivariable and multivariable regression models were used to analyze the relationship of TAP blocks with LOS and narcotic use postoperatively. Results: About 295 patients were included, with 102 (34.6%) undergoing TAP block and 193 (65.4%) patients without TAP block. There were no significant differences in baseline patient characteristics. Use of a TAP block had no statistically significant effect on LOS, and bivariable analysis revealed no effect when groups were analyzed by sex, age, BMI, preoperative opioid use, or number of levels fused. TAP block patients received significantly more MME on POD 0 and on combined POD 1 and 2 than those without a TAP block. Bivariable analysis did not reveal any subgroup who benefitted from a TAP block. Conclusions: With the largest patient cohort reported to date, we found no statistically significant improvements in length of stay or short-term postoperative opioid usage when patients received TAP blocks for anterior lumbar interbody fusion.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266654842500191XAnterior lumbar interbody fusionMultimodal analgesiaPostoperative painRegional analgesiaOpioidsTransversus abdominis plane block
spellingShingle Katherine Drexelius, MD
Steven Baltic, MD, MS
Kennedy Gachigi, MS
Caleb Lifsey, BS
Rebecca Kelso, MD
P. Bradley Segebarth, MD
Impact of transversus abdominis plane block on length of stay and postoperative opioid use in anterior lumbar interbody fusions
North American Spine Society Journal
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion
Multimodal analgesia
Postoperative pain
Regional analgesia
Opioids
Transversus abdominis plane block
title Impact of transversus abdominis plane block on length of stay and postoperative opioid use in anterior lumbar interbody fusions
title_full Impact of transversus abdominis plane block on length of stay and postoperative opioid use in anterior lumbar interbody fusions
title_fullStr Impact of transversus abdominis plane block on length of stay and postoperative opioid use in anterior lumbar interbody fusions
title_full_unstemmed Impact of transversus abdominis plane block on length of stay and postoperative opioid use in anterior lumbar interbody fusions
title_short Impact of transversus abdominis plane block on length of stay and postoperative opioid use in anterior lumbar interbody fusions
title_sort impact of transversus abdominis plane block on length of stay and postoperative opioid use in anterior lumbar interbody fusions
topic Anterior lumbar interbody fusion
Multimodal analgesia
Postoperative pain
Regional analgesia
Opioids
Transversus abdominis plane block
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266654842500191X
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