Orthrus: a Pumilio-family gene involved in fruiting body and dark stipe development in Coprinopsis cinerea
Fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) are complex multicellular structures whose formation is regulated by a developmental program that dynamically responds to environmental changes, such as light intensity. However, the genetic architecture and regulation of this developmental...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Fungal Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffunb.2025.1633301/full |
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| author | Benedek Szathmári Balázs Bálint Botond Hegedüs Máté Virágh Zhihao Hou Zhihao Hou Xiao-Bin Liu Hongli Wu Csenge Földi Julien Gagneur Julien Gagneur Johann Promeuschel Árpád Csernetics László G. Nagy László G. Nagy |
| author_facet | Benedek Szathmári Balázs Bálint Botond Hegedüs Máté Virágh Zhihao Hou Zhihao Hou Xiao-Bin Liu Hongli Wu Csenge Földi Julien Gagneur Julien Gagneur Johann Promeuschel Árpád Csernetics László G. Nagy László G. Nagy |
| author_sort | Benedek Szathmári |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) are complex multicellular structures whose formation is regulated by a developmental program that dynamically responds to environmental changes, such as light intensity. However, the genetic architecture and regulation of this developmental program are poorly known. Here, we characterize a novel Pumilio family gene, ort2, which influences fruiting body development, particularly the formation of dark stipes, a light-dependent alternative developmental trajectory. Phylogenetic analysis of this RNA-binding protein family in fungi revealed a distinct subfamily structure, with high conservation of each subfamily within Agaricomycetes. Reverse genetics experiments in the model species Coprinopsis cinerea revealed that ort2 disruptants produced fruiting bodies, but were deficient in dark stipe formation, whereas the overexpression mutants produced significantly more dark stipes. The gene was named after Orthrus, the two-headed dog of classical mythology, based on rare but reproducible branching fruiting body phenotypes observed upon overexpression. Our findings reveal fruiting-related functions for ort2, a novel conserved RNA-binding protein, and may serve as a novel entry point for understanding the molecular basis of dark stipe development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-48860181fcf04a71924fdfc85b5f1e12 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-6128 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Fungal Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-48860181fcf04a71924fdfc85b5f1e122025-08-20T03:58:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Fungal Biology2673-61282025-07-01610.3389/ffunb.2025.16333011633301Orthrus: a Pumilio-family gene involved in fruiting body and dark stipe development in Coprinopsis cinereaBenedek Szathmári0Balázs Bálint1Botond Hegedüs2Máté Virágh3Zhihao Hou4Zhihao Hou5Xiao-Bin Liu6Hongli Wu7Csenge Földi8Julien Gagneur9Julien Gagneur10Johann Promeuschel11Árpád Csernetics12László G. Nagy13László G. Nagy14Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, HungarySynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, HungarySynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, HungarySynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, HungarySynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, HungaryDoctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, HungarySynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, HungarySynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, HungarySynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, HungarySchool of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, GermanyMunich Center for Machine Learning, Munich, GermanySchool of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, GermanySynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, HungarySynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, Szeged, HungaryKorea University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaFruiting bodies of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) are complex multicellular structures whose formation is regulated by a developmental program that dynamically responds to environmental changes, such as light intensity. However, the genetic architecture and regulation of this developmental program are poorly known. Here, we characterize a novel Pumilio family gene, ort2, which influences fruiting body development, particularly the formation of dark stipes, a light-dependent alternative developmental trajectory. Phylogenetic analysis of this RNA-binding protein family in fungi revealed a distinct subfamily structure, with high conservation of each subfamily within Agaricomycetes. Reverse genetics experiments in the model species Coprinopsis cinerea revealed that ort2 disruptants produced fruiting bodies, but were deficient in dark stipe formation, whereas the overexpression mutants produced significantly more dark stipes. The gene was named after Orthrus, the two-headed dog of classical mythology, based on rare but reproducible branching fruiting body phenotypes observed upon overexpression. Our findings reveal fruiting-related functions for ort2, a novel conserved RNA-binding protein, and may serve as a novel entry point for understanding the molecular basis of dark stipe development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffunb.2025.1633301/fullfruiting body formationdark stipeRNA-binding proteinsPumiliolanguage model |
| spellingShingle | Benedek Szathmári Balázs Bálint Botond Hegedüs Máté Virágh Zhihao Hou Zhihao Hou Xiao-Bin Liu Hongli Wu Csenge Földi Julien Gagneur Julien Gagneur Johann Promeuschel Árpád Csernetics László G. Nagy László G. Nagy Orthrus: a Pumilio-family gene involved in fruiting body and dark stipe development in Coprinopsis cinerea Frontiers in Fungal Biology fruiting body formation dark stipe RNA-binding proteins Pumilio language model |
| title | Orthrus: a Pumilio-family gene involved in fruiting body and dark stipe development in Coprinopsis cinerea |
| title_full | Orthrus: a Pumilio-family gene involved in fruiting body and dark stipe development in Coprinopsis cinerea |
| title_fullStr | Orthrus: a Pumilio-family gene involved in fruiting body and dark stipe development in Coprinopsis cinerea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Orthrus: a Pumilio-family gene involved in fruiting body and dark stipe development in Coprinopsis cinerea |
| title_short | Orthrus: a Pumilio-family gene involved in fruiting body and dark stipe development in Coprinopsis cinerea |
| title_sort | orthrus a pumilio family gene involved in fruiting body and dark stipe development in coprinopsis cinerea |
| topic | fruiting body formation dark stipe RNA-binding proteins Pumilio language model |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffunb.2025.1633301/full |
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