Wide-Angle, Multiplexed Backscatter Communications Using a Dynamic Metasurface-Backed Luneburg Lens

Backscatter communications is attractive for its low power requirements due to the lack of actively radiating components; however, commonly used devices are typically limited in range and functionality. Here, we design and demonstrate a backscatter device consisting of a flattened Luneburg lens comb...

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Main Authors: Samuel Kim, Timothy Sleasman, Avrami Rakovsky, Ra'Id Awadallah, David B. Shrekenhamer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11015751/
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author Samuel Kim
Timothy Sleasman
Avrami Rakovsky
Ra'Id Awadallah
David B. Shrekenhamer
author_facet Samuel Kim
Timothy Sleasman
Avrami Rakovsky
Ra'Id Awadallah
David B. Shrekenhamer
author_sort Samuel Kim
collection DOAJ
description Backscatter communications is attractive for its low power requirements due to the lack of actively radiating components; however, commonly used devices are typically limited in range and functionality. Here, we design and demonstrate a backscatter device consisting of a flattened Luneburg lens combined with a spatially-tunable dynamic metasurface. Using quasi-conformal transformation optics (QCTO), we design a flattened, additively manufactured Luneburg lens that focuses incoming waves over a wide field-of-view onto its flattened focal plane. When a reflective surface is placed at the focal plane, the flattened Luneburg lens retroreflects, enabling long-range backscatter communications over an extremely large field-of-view (±30°) and bandwidth. The dynamic metasurface is designed to modulated the reflected phase across the S-band (2-4 GHz) with fine spatial control. Thus, when combined with the flattened Luneburg lens, the device is able to modulate the retroreflected signal to achieve backscatter communications. We experimentally demonstrate full phase control of the backscattered signal across a range of incidence angles, spatial multiplexing, and secure communications against eavesdroppers by actively suppressing or randomizing signals in unwanted directions. The metasurface-backed Luneburg lens device offers a low-power solution for long-range wireless networks with advanced capabilities.
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issn 2169-3536
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spelling doaj-art-487aff980cec4af4b0cf7535c855d1922025-08-20T03:16:17ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011310562910564110.1109/ACCESS.2025.357394411015751Wide-Angle, Multiplexed Backscatter Communications Using a Dynamic Metasurface-Backed Luneburg LensSamuel Kim0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8248-2346Timothy Sleasman1Avrami Rakovsky2https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0060-6554Ra'Id Awadallah3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-3638David B. Shrekenhamer4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2866-774XJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAJohns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USABackscatter communications is attractive for its low power requirements due to the lack of actively radiating components; however, commonly used devices are typically limited in range and functionality. Here, we design and demonstrate a backscatter device consisting of a flattened Luneburg lens combined with a spatially-tunable dynamic metasurface. Using quasi-conformal transformation optics (QCTO), we design a flattened, additively manufactured Luneburg lens that focuses incoming waves over a wide field-of-view onto its flattened focal plane. When a reflective surface is placed at the focal plane, the flattened Luneburg lens retroreflects, enabling long-range backscatter communications over an extremely large field-of-view (±30°) and bandwidth. The dynamic metasurface is designed to modulated the reflected phase across the S-band (2-4 GHz) with fine spatial control. Thus, when combined with the flattened Luneburg lens, the device is able to modulate the retroreflected signal to achieve backscatter communications. We experimentally demonstrate full phase control of the backscattered signal across a range of incidence angles, spatial multiplexing, and secure communications against eavesdroppers by actively suppressing or randomizing signals in unwanted directions. The metasurface-backed Luneburg lens device offers a low-power solution for long-range wireless networks with advanced capabilities.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11015751/Metasurfacebackscatter communicationstransformation opticsLuneburg lensreflectarrayreconfigurable intelligent surface
spellingShingle Samuel Kim
Timothy Sleasman
Avrami Rakovsky
Ra'Id Awadallah
David B. Shrekenhamer
Wide-Angle, Multiplexed Backscatter Communications Using a Dynamic Metasurface-Backed Luneburg Lens
IEEE Access
Metasurface
backscatter communications
transformation optics
Luneburg lens
reflectarray
reconfigurable intelligent surface
title Wide-Angle, Multiplexed Backscatter Communications Using a Dynamic Metasurface-Backed Luneburg Lens
title_full Wide-Angle, Multiplexed Backscatter Communications Using a Dynamic Metasurface-Backed Luneburg Lens
title_fullStr Wide-Angle, Multiplexed Backscatter Communications Using a Dynamic Metasurface-Backed Luneburg Lens
title_full_unstemmed Wide-Angle, Multiplexed Backscatter Communications Using a Dynamic Metasurface-Backed Luneburg Lens
title_short Wide-Angle, Multiplexed Backscatter Communications Using a Dynamic Metasurface-Backed Luneburg Lens
title_sort wide angle multiplexed backscatter communications using a dynamic metasurface backed luneburg lens
topic Metasurface
backscatter communications
transformation optics
Luneburg lens
reflectarray
reconfigurable intelligent surface
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11015751/
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