Characterization of contrast-mediated collinear interactions in the human visual system

Abstract Collinear modulation represents a fundamental building block of our perceptual world, and its study has enhanced our understanding of contrast sensitivity, spatial integration, and neural plasticity in the visual system. In this phenomenon, the visibility of a target is influenced by collin...

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Main Authors: Luca Battaglini, Giulio Contemori, Gianluca Campana, Marco Bertamini, Gianluca Ruffato, Marcello Maniglia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94361-y
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author Luca Battaglini
Giulio Contemori
Gianluca Campana
Marco Bertamini
Gianluca Ruffato
Marcello Maniglia
author_facet Luca Battaglini
Giulio Contemori
Gianluca Campana
Marco Bertamini
Gianluca Ruffato
Marcello Maniglia
author_sort Luca Battaglini
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Collinear modulation represents a fundamental building block of our perceptual world, and its study has enhanced our understanding of contrast sensitivity, spatial integration, and neural plasticity in the visual system. In this phenomenon, the visibility of a target is influenced by collinear elements. Four key factors modulate this effect: the distance between target and flankers, the contrast of the flankers, retinal eccentricity, and spatial frequency. Each of these elements affects collinear modulation, increasing or reducing the target’s visibility. Short target-to-flankers separations decrease contrast sensitivity, while larger separations increase it. However, this pattern holds for high contrast flankers, whereas low contrast flankers increase contrast sensitivity at short separations, while the effect is weaker or absent at large separations. Moreover, eccentricity appears to increase the spatial extent of inhibition. Across three experiments, we systematically varied these key factors. In Experiments 1 and 2, we manipulated spatial frequency, flankers’ separation, and flankers’ contrast in foveal vision. In Experiment 3, we varied flankers’ separation and flankers’ contrast in peripheral vision. The results reveal a complex pattern that may help reconcile previously conflicting findings in both healthy participants and clinical populations, offering an updated framework for the study of neural plasticity in the visual system.
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spelling doaj-art-486794287c8a409983ebde292aedc2252025-08-20T02:16:59ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-94361-yCharacterization of contrast-mediated collinear interactions in the human visual systemLuca Battaglini0Giulio Contemori1Gianluca Campana2Marco Bertamini3Gianluca Ruffato4Marcello Maniglia5Department of General Psychology, Università di PadovaDepartment of General Psychology, Università di PadovaDepartment of General Psychology, Università di PadovaDepartment of General Psychology, Università di PadovaDepartment of Physics, Università di PadovaDepartment of Psychology, University of California RiversideAbstract Collinear modulation represents a fundamental building block of our perceptual world, and its study has enhanced our understanding of contrast sensitivity, spatial integration, and neural plasticity in the visual system. In this phenomenon, the visibility of a target is influenced by collinear elements. Four key factors modulate this effect: the distance between target and flankers, the contrast of the flankers, retinal eccentricity, and spatial frequency. Each of these elements affects collinear modulation, increasing or reducing the target’s visibility. Short target-to-flankers separations decrease contrast sensitivity, while larger separations increase it. However, this pattern holds for high contrast flankers, whereas low contrast flankers increase contrast sensitivity at short separations, while the effect is weaker or absent at large separations. Moreover, eccentricity appears to increase the spatial extent of inhibition. Across three experiments, we systematically varied these key factors. In Experiments 1 and 2, we manipulated spatial frequency, flankers’ separation, and flankers’ contrast in foveal vision. In Experiment 3, we varied flankers’ separation and flankers’ contrast in peripheral vision. The results reveal a complex pattern that may help reconcile previously conflicting findings in both healthy participants and clinical populations, offering an updated framework for the study of neural plasticity in the visual system.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94361-yContextual modulationCollinear facilitationContrast sensitivity
spellingShingle Luca Battaglini
Giulio Contemori
Gianluca Campana
Marco Bertamini
Gianluca Ruffato
Marcello Maniglia
Characterization of contrast-mediated collinear interactions in the human visual system
Scientific Reports
Contextual modulation
Collinear facilitation
Contrast sensitivity
title Characterization of contrast-mediated collinear interactions in the human visual system
title_full Characterization of contrast-mediated collinear interactions in the human visual system
title_fullStr Characterization of contrast-mediated collinear interactions in the human visual system
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of contrast-mediated collinear interactions in the human visual system
title_short Characterization of contrast-mediated collinear interactions in the human visual system
title_sort characterization of contrast mediated collinear interactions in the human visual system
topic Contextual modulation
Collinear facilitation
Contrast sensitivity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94361-y
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