Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations after Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of a Commercial Hair Dryer: An Ex-Vivo Study

Background: Dental amalgam is a popular restorative material used in posterior teeth. Hair dryers can emit electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that may affect the microleakage of the amalgam-tooth interface.Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether the EMFs produced by comme...

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Main Authors: Maryam Paknahad, Ali Dehghani, Iman Khaleghi, Mahsa Eghildespour, Ghazal Mortazavi, Seyed Mahammad Javad Mortazavi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering
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Online Access:https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_49466_ea1711539e23c252afe13fb6d6b97da8.pdf
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author Maryam Paknahad
Ali Dehghani
Iman Khaleghi
Mahsa Eghildespour
Ghazal Mortazavi
Seyed Mahammad Javad Mortazavi
author_facet Maryam Paknahad
Ali Dehghani
Iman Khaleghi
Mahsa Eghildespour
Ghazal Mortazavi
Seyed Mahammad Javad Mortazavi
author_sort Maryam Paknahad
collection DOAJ
description Background: Dental amalgam is a popular restorative material used in posterior teeth. Hair dryers can emit electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that may affect the microleakage of the amalgam-tooth interface.Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether the EMFs produced by commercial hair dryers could cause microleakage in amalgam restorations.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, a total of 100 human extracted teeth without cavities were selected and prepared for class V preparations on their buccal aspects. The teeth were divided into five groups (G1–G5), each containing 20 teeth. Group 1 served as the control group and was not subjected to any treatment. Groups 2 to 5 were exposed to EMFs of a hair dryer (2000 W, 220 V, and 50 Hz). Groups 2 and 3 were exposed to “EMFs +Hot Air” for 20 min at 10 cm and 30 min at 5 cm, respectively. Groups 4 and 5 were exposed to “EMFs +Cool Air” for 20 min at 10 cm and 30 min at 5cm, respectively. After preparation, the sectioned teeth were evaluated for microleakage using dye penetration measurement.Results: The microleakage scores showed a significant difference among the three exposure groups (G2, G3, and G5) and the control group (P=0.001, 0.002, and 0.01, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between G4 and G1. The microleakage score in G2 was higher than that in G4. Conclusion: This study suggests that the common use of hair dryers can lead to damage in amalgam restorations.
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spelling doaj-art-4862eac8acf7438685acdbb6bbcc9e5e2025-08-20T02:08:12ZengShiraz University of Medical SciencesJournal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering2251-72002025-06-0115326327010.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2210-155149466Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations after Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of a Commercial Hair Dryer: An Ex-Vivo StudyMaryam Paknahad0Ali Dehghani1Iman Khaleghi2Mahsa Eghildespour3Ghazal Mortazavi4Seyed Mahammad Javad Mortazavi5Oral and Dental Research Center, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department, Dental Faculty, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Biomaterial Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDepartment of Medical Physics and Engineering, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranDr. Mortazavi’s Private Clinic, Shiraz, IranIonizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranBackground: Dental amalgam is a popular restorative material used in posterior teeth. Hair dryers can emit electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that may affect the microleakage of the amalgam-tooth interface.Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether the EMFs produced by commercial hair dryers could cause microleakage in amalgam restorations.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, a total of 100 human extracted teeth without cavities were selected and prepared for class V preparations on their buccal aspects. The teeth were divided into five groups (G1–G5), each containing 20 teeth. Group 1 served as the control group and was not subjected to any treatment. Groups 2 to 5 were exposed to EMFs of a hair dryer (2000 W, 220 V, and 50 Hz). Groups 2 and 3 were exposed to “EMFs +Hot Air” for 20 min at 10 cm and 30 min at 5 cm, respectively. Groups 4 and 5 were exposed to “EMFs +Cool Air” for 20 min at 10 cm and 30 min at 5cm, respectively. After preparation, the sectioned teeth were evaluated for microleakage using dye penetration measurement.Results: The microleakage scores showed a significant difference among the three exposure groups (G2, G3, and G5) and the control group (P=0.001, 0.002, and 0.01, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between G4 and G1. The microleakage score in G2 was higher than that in G4. Conclusion: This study suggests that the common use of hair dryers can lead to damage in amalgam restorations.https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_49466_ea1711539e23c252afe13fb6d6b97da8.pdfelectromagnetic fieldsdental leakagedental amalgams
spellingShingle Maryam Paknahad
Ali Dehghani
Iman Khaleghi
Mahsa Eghildespour
Ghazal Mortazavi
Seyed Mahammad Javad Mortazavi
Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations after Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of a Commercial Hair Dryer: An Ex-Vivo Study
Journal of Biomedical Physics and Engineering
electromagnetic fields
dental leakage
dental amalgams
title Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations after Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of a Commercial Hair Dryer: An Ex-Vivo Study
title_full Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations after Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of a Commercial Hair Dryer: An Ex-Vivo Study
title_fullStr Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations after Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of a Commercial Hair Dryer: An Ex-Vivo Study
title_full_unstemmed Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations after Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of a Commercial Hair Dryer: An Ex-Vivo Study
title_short Microleakage of Amalgam Restorations after Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields of a Commercial Hair Dryer: An Ex-Vivo Study
title_sort microleakage of amalgam restorations after exposure to electromagnetic fields of a commercial hair dryer an ex vivo study
topic electromagnetic fields
dental leakage
dental amalgams
url https://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_49466_ea1711539e23c252afe13fb6d6b97da8.pdf
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