Morphophysiological responses and gene regulation of two bermudagrass cultivars differing in response to drought stress

Abstract Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is a widely used warm-season turfgrass worldwide. However, bermudagrass often faces the challenges from drought stress in practical application. Selection and breeding of drought-tolerant cultivars of bermudagrass is crucial for thriving in arid environments....

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Main Authors: Jia Jiang, Along Chen, Jiayi Qi, Xiashun Liu, Qianhan Zhao, Chen Wang, Tiantian He, Xueling Zheng, Wenjing Deng, Jingbo Chen, Dandan Li, Fuchun Xie, Yajun Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-04-01
Series:Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00773-3
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author Jia Jiang
Along Chen
Jiayi Qi
Xiashun Liu
Qianhan Zhao
Chen Wang
Tiantian He
Xueling Zheng
Wenjing Deng
Jingbo Chen
Dandan Li
Fuchun Xie
Yajun Chen
author_facet Jia Jiang
Along Chen
Jiayi Qi
Xiashun Liu
Qianhan Zhao
Chen Wang
Tiantian He
Xueling Zheng
Wenjing Deng
Jingbo Chen
Dandan Li
Fuchun Xie
Yajun Chen
author_sort Jia Jiang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is a widely used warm-season turfgrass worldwide. However, bermudagrass often faces the challenges from drought stress in practical application. Selection and breeding of drought-tolerant cultivars of bermudagrass is crucial for thriving in arid environments. In this study, we employed two different drought-tolerant bermudagrass cultivars ‘Yangjiang’ and ‘Guanzhong’ to assess the morphology, physiology and transcriptome under various drought stress conditions. The outcomes unveiled that drought-tolerant ‘Guanzhong’ exhibited superiority in morphology, light utilization efficiency, relative water content, antioxidant and osmotic regulation capabilities compared to drought-susceptible ‘Yangjiang’. In addition, transcriptome sequencing showed that photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, peroxisome and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were the key metabolic pathways of bermudagrass in response to drought stress. Compared to the drought-sensitive cultivar ‘Yangjiang’, the drought-tolerant ‘Guanzhong’ exhibited lower expression of AUX/IAA genes (negative regulators of auxin signaling), which reduces their inhibitory effect on auxin response factors (ARF), thereby enhancing auxin signaling efficiency to coordinate adaptive growth. Additionally, compared with ‘Yangjiang’, the down-regulated protein phosphatases (PP2C) in ‘Guanzhong’ weaken their suppression of SnRK2, resulting in heightened ABA signaling sensitivity. In comparison to ‘Yangjiang’, ‘Guanzhong’ displayed a higher IAA concentration and a lower ABA concentration under stress conditions, thus ensuring a more efficient utilization of water by minimizing stomatal aperture and reducing water evaporation. The results suggested that regulation of morphology, physiological metabolism and genes expression could contribute to drought tolerance in bermudagrass. Graphical Abstract
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issn 2196-5641
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spelling doaj-art-4860789de2584763afddbf08555dba702025-08-20T03:52:24ZengSpringerOpenChemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture2196-56412025-04-0112111510.1186/s40538-025-00773-3Morphophysiological responses and gene regulation of two bermudagrass cultivars differing in response to drought stressJia Jiang0Along Chen1Jiayi Qi2Xiashun Liu3Qianhan Zhao4Chen Wang5Tiantian He6Xueling Zheng7Wenjing Deng8Jingbo Chen9Dandan Li10Fuchun Xie11Yajun Chen12College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen)Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen)College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural UniversityAbstract Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) is a widely used warm-season turfgrass worldwide. However, bermudagrass often faces the challenges from drought stress in practical application. Selection and breeding of drought-tolerant cultivars of bermudagrass is crucial for thriving in arid environments. In this study, we employed two different drought-tolerant bermudagrass cultivars ‘Yangjiang’ and ‘Guanzhong’ to assess the morphology, physiology and transcriptome under various drought stress conditions. The outcomes unveiled that drought-tolerant ‘Guanzhong’ exhibited superiority in morphology, light utilization efficiency, relative water content, antioxidant and osmotic regulation capabilities compared to drought-susceptible ‘Yangjiang’. In addition, transcriptome sequencing showed that photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, peroxisome and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were the key metabolic pathways of bermudagrass in response to drought stress. Compared to the drought-sensitive cultivar ‘Yangjiang’, the drought-tolerant ‘Guanzhong’ exhibited lower expression of AUX/IAA genes (negative regulators of auxin signaling), which reduces their inhibitory effect on auxin response factors (ARF), thereby enhancing auxin signaling efficiency to coordinate adaptive growth. Additionally, compared with ‘Yangjiang’, the down-regulated protein phosphatases (PP2C) in ‘Guanzhong’ weaken their suppression of SnRK2, resulting in heightened ABA signaling sensitivity. In comparison to ‘Yangjiang’, ‘Guanzhong’ displayed a higher IAA concentration and a lower ABA concentration under stress conditions, thus ensuring a more efficient utilization of water by minimizing stomatal aperture and reducing water evaporation. The results suggested that regulation of morphology, physiological metabolism and genes expression could contribute to drought tolerance in bermudagrass. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00773-3BermudagrassDrought stressPhysiological metabolismTranscriptomePlant hormone
spellingShingle Jia Jiang
Along Chen
Jiayi Qi
Xiashun Liu
Qianhan Zhao
Chen Wang
Tiantian He
Xueling Zheng
Wenjing Deng
Jingbo Chen
Dandan Li
Fuchun Xie
Yajun Chen
Morphophysiological responses and gene regulation of two bermudagrass cultivars differing in response to drought stress
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture
Bermudagrass
Drought stress
Physiological metabolism
Transcriptome
Plant hormone
title Morphophysiological responses and gene regulation of two bermudagrass cultivars differing in response to drought stress
title_full Morphophysiological responses and gene regulation of two bermudagrass cultivars differing in response to drought stress
title_fullStr Morphophysiological responses and gene regulation of two bermudagrass cultivars differing in response to drought stress
title_full_unstemmed Morphophysiological responses and gene regulation of two bermudagrass cultivars differing in response to drought stress
title_short Morphophysiological responses and gene regulation of two bermudagrass cultivars differing in response to drought stress
title_sort morphophysiological responses and gene regulation of two bermudagrass cultivars differing in response to drought stress
topic Bermudagrass
Drought stress
Physiological metabolism
Transcriptome
Plant hormone
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00773-3
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