Advances in MoS<sub>2</sub>-Based Biosensors: From Material Fabrication and Characterization to Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Applications

The growing demand for low-cost biosensors has stimulated the study of new technologies and materials like molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>). Due to its electroconductive nature and high surface-to-volume ratio, it allows for the ultra-sensitive detection of biomarkers. The crystal...

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Main Authors: Chun-Liang Lai, Arvind Mukundan, Riya Karmakar, Roopmeet Kaur, Kuo-Liang Huang, Hsiang-Chen Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Biosensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/6/371
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author Chun-Liang Lai
Arvind Mukundan
Riya Karmakar
Roopmeet Kaur
Kuo-Liang Huang
Hsiang-Chen Wang
author_facet Chun-Liang Lai
Arvind Mukundan
Riya Karmakar
Roopmeet Kaur
Kuo-Liang Huang
Hsiang-Chen Wang
author_sort Chun-Liang Lai
collection DOAJ
description The growing demand for low-cost biosensors has stimulated the study of new technologies and materials like molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>). Due to its electroconductive nature and high surface-to-volume ratio, it allows for the ultra-sensitive detection of biomarkers. The crystal structure of MoS<sub>2</sub> provides it with a unique micrometer thickness, making it appropriate for biosensing in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. As compared to traditional materials, MoS<sub>2</sub> can work without labels (through field-effect transduction or plasmonic shifts) while maintaining biocompatibility and low-cost fabrication, which fill significant voids in the early diagnosis of diseases. This paper provides an overview of the recent advancements in MoS<sub>2</sub>-based biosensors, which are primarily focused on the field-effect transistors and surface plasmon resonance techniques and fabrication methods for MoS<sub>2</sub>-based biosensors like mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical exfoliation, applications in various industries, and their characterization techniques to evaluate the quality and functionality of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets in biosensors. While certain challenges remain like improving conductivity and scalability, MoS<sub>2</sub>-based biosensors serve as a powerful tool for the precise and reliable detection of biomarkers in environmental, food, and healthcare industries.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2079-6374
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spelling doaj-art-484ebe7911534c439c90f733b5e4d5d02025-08-20T03:26:21ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-06-0115637110.3390/bios15060371Advances in MoS<sub>2</sub>-Based Biosensors: From Material Fabrication and Characterization to Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial ApplicationsChun-Liang Lai0Arvind Mukundan1Riya Karmakar2Roopmeet Kaur3Kuo-Liang Huang4Hsiang-Chen Wang5Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Minsheng Road, Dalin, Chiayi City 62247, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, Min Hsiung, Chiayi City 62102, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, Min Hsiung, Chiayi City 62102, TaiwanDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Chandigarh University, NH-05, Ludhiana 140413, IndiaDivision of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 80284, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, Min Hsiung, Chiayi City 62102, TaiwanThe growing demand for low-cost biosensors has stimulated the study of new technologies and materials like molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>). Due to its electroconductive nature and high surface-to-volume ratio, it allows for the ultra-sensitive detection of biomarkers. The crystal structure of MoS<sub>2</sub> provides it with a unique micrometer thickness, making it appropriate for biosensing in healthcare, environmental monitoring, and food safety. As compared to traditional materials, MoS<sub>2</sub> can work without labels (through field-effect transduction or plasmonic shifts) while maintaining biocompatibility and low-cost fabrication, which fill significant voids in the early diagnosis of diseases. This paper provides an overview of the recent advancements in MoS<sub>2</sub>-based biosensors, which are primarily focused on the field-effect transistors and surface plasmon resonance techniques and fabrication methods for MoS<sub>2</sub>-based biosensors like mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and chemical exfoliation, applications in various industries, and their characterization techniques to evaluate the quality and functionality of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets in biosensors. While certain challenges remain like improving conductivity and scalability, MoS<sub>2</sub>-based biosensors serve as a powerful tool for the precise and reliable detection of biomarkers in environmental, food, and healthcare industries.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/6/371MoS<sub>2</sub>mechanical exfoliationchemical exfoliationliquid-phase exfoliationphysical vapor depositionchemical vapor deposition
spellingShingle Chun-Liang Lai
Arvind Mukundan
Riya Karmakar
Roopmeet Kaur
Kuo-Liang Huang
Hsiang-Chen Wang
Advances in MoS<sub>2</sub>-Based Biosensors: From Material Fabrication and Characterization to Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Applications
Biosensors
MoS<sub>2</sub>
mechanical exfoliation
chemical exfoliation
liquid-phase exfoliation
physical vapor deposition
chemical vapor deposition
title Advances in MoS<sub>2</sub>-Based Biosensors: From Material Fabrication and Characterization to Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Applications
title_full Advances in MoS<sub>2</sub>-Based Biosensors: From Material Fabrication and Characterization to Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Applications
title_fullStr Advances in MoS<sub>2</sub>-Based Biosensors: From Material Fabrication and Characterization to Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Applications
title_full_unstemmed Advances in MoS<sub>2</sub>-Based Biosensors: From Material Fabrication and Characterization to Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Applications
title_short Advances in MoS<sub>2</sub>-Based Biosensors: From Material Fabrication and Characterization to Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Applications
title_sort advances in mos sub 2 sub based biosensors from material fabrication and characterization to biomedical environmental and industrial applications
topic MoS<sub>2</sub>
mechanical exfoliation
chemical exfoliation
liquid-phase exfoliation
physical vapor deposition
chemical vapor deposition
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/6/371
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AT riyakarmakar advancesinmossub2subbasedbiosensorsfrommaterialfabricationandcharacterizationtobiomedicalenvironmentalandindustrialapplications
AT roopmeetkaur advancesinmossub2subbasedbiosensorsfrommaterialfabricationandcharacterizationtobiomedicalenvironmentalandindustrialapplications
AT kuolianghuang advancesinmossub2subbasedbiosensorsfrommaterialfabricationandcharacterizationtobiomedicalenvironmentalandindustrialapplications
AT hsiangchenwang advancesinmossub2subbasedbiosensorsfrommaterialfabricationandcharacterizationtobiomedicalenvironmentalandindustrialapplications