Incidence and predictors of extubation failure among adult intensive care unit patients in Northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals

Abstract Extubation failure occurs in mechanically ventilated patients after planned extubation. It can cause increased mortality, length of intensive care unit stays, prolonged mechanical ventilation use, increased hospital costs, and increased need for tracheostomy. In Ethiopia, extubation failure...

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Main Authors: Meseret Sitotaw Engidaw, Berhan Tekeba, Hailu Tazebew Amare, Kalkidan Ambachew Belay, Yezbalem Ayana, Bikis Liyew
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05625-6
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author Meseret Sitotaw Engidaw
Berhan Tekeba
Hailu Tazebew Amare
Kalkidan Ambachew Belay
Yezbalem Ayana
Bikis Liyew
author_facet Meseret Sitotaw Engidaw
Berhan Tekeba
Hailu Tazebew Amare
Kalkidan Ambachew Belay
Yezbalem Ayana
Bikis Liyew
author_sort Meseret Sitotaw Engidaw
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Extubation failure occurs in mechanically ventilated patients after planned extubation. It can cause increased mortality, length of intensive care unit stays, prolonged mechanical ventilation use, increased hospital costs, and increased need for tracheostomy. In Ethiopia, extubation failure is limitedly studied among adult patients admitted to intensive care units. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of extubation failure among adult patients in intensive care units. A multicenter retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 380 extubated patients from mechanical ventilation at the intensive care unit in northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals from May 1, 2021, to April 30, 2024. The data was collected randomly from patient cards using a simple random method with a pretested checklist. The data was entered using Epi-Data 4.6 and analyzed using STATA 17. The Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate the median extubation failure time. The Cox proportional hazard regression model analyzes the relationship between independent and outcome variables. The overall incidence of extubation failure was 2.64 (95% CI: 1.97–3.54) per 1000 person-hour observations. Forty-five (12.33%) of participants had developed extubation failure. Comorbidities (AHR: 3.92, 95% CI: 1.41–10.81), prolonged mechanical ventilation duration (AHR: 4.69, 95% CI: 2.04–10.80), GCS ≤ 8 with tracheal intubation (AHR: 4.10, 95% CI: 2.10–7.97), and positive fluid balance (AHR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.23–4.62) were independent predictors of extubation failure. Extubation failure among adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit was high in the first 24 h after extubation. The risk of extubation failure was higher for those patients with comorbidities, prolonged mechanical ventilation, GCS ≤ 8 with tracheal intubation, and positive fluid balance. Therefore, clinicians should prioritize patients who have comorbid conditions, require extended mechanical ventilation, have a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or lower with tracheal intubation, or exhibit a positive fluid balance.
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spelling doaj-art-48468fe3a99f45dd9ecd4332474253522025-08-20T03:03:42ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-05625-6Incidence and predictors of extubation failure among adult intensive care unit patients in Northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitalsMeseret Sitotaw Engidaw0Berhan Tekeba1Hailu Tazebew Amare2Kalkidan Ambachew Belay3Yezbalem Ayana4Bikis Liyew5Departement of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Collage of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartement of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartement of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarDepartement of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of GondarAbstract Extubation failure occurs in mechanically ventilated patients after planned extubation. It can cause increased mortality, length of intensive care unit stays, prolonged mechanical ventilation use, increased hospital costs, and increased need for tracheostomy. In Ethiopia, extubation failure is limitedly studied among adult patients admitted to intensive care units. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of extubation failure among adult patients in intensive care units. A multicenter retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 380 extubated patients from mechanical ventilation at the intensive care unit in northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals from May 1, 2021, to April 30, 2024. The data was collected randomly from patient cards using a simple random method with a pretested checklist. The data was entered using Epi-Data 4.6 and analyzed using STATA 17. The Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate the median extubation failure time. The Cox proportional hazard regression model analyzes the relationship between independent and outcome variables. The overall incidence of extubation failure was 2.64 (95% CI: 1.97–3.54) per 1000 person-hour observations. Forty-five (12.33%) of participants had developed extubation failure. Comorbidities (AHR: 3.92, 95% CI: 1.41–10.81), prolonged mechanical ventilation duration (AHR: 4.69, 95% CI: 2.04–10.80), GCS ≤ 8 with tracheal intubation (AHR: 4.10, 95% CI: 2.10–7.97), and positive fluid balance (AHR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.23–4.62) were independent predictors of extubation failure. Extubation failure among adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit was high in the first 24 h after extubation. The risk of extubation failure was higher for those patients with comorbidities, prolonged mechanical ventilation, GCS ≤ 8 with tracheal intubation, and positive fluid balance. Therefore, clinicians should prioritize patients who have comorbid conditions, require extended mechanical ventilation, have a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or lower with tracheal intubation, or exhibit a positive fluid balance.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05625-6Extubation failureIncidencePredictorsIntensive care unitNorthwest Ethiopia
spellingShingle Meseret Sitotaw Engidaw
Berhan Tekeba
Hailu Tazebew Amare
Kalkidan Ambachew Belay
Yezbalem Ayana
Bikis Liyew
Incidence and predictors of extubation failure among adult intensive care unit patients in Northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals
Scientific Reports
Extubation failure
Incidence
Predictors
Intensive care unit
Northwest Ethiopia
title Incidence and predictors of extubation failure among adult intensive care unit patients in Northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals
title_full Incidence and predictors of extubation failure among adult intensive care unit patients in Northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals
title_fullStr Incidence and predictors of extubation failure among adult intensive care unit patients in Northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals
title_full_unstemmed Incidence and predictors of extubation failure among adult intensive care unit patients in Northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals
title_short Incidence and predictors of extubation failure among adult intensive care unit patients in Northwest Amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals
title_sort incidence and predictors of extubation failure among adult intensive care unit patients in northwest amhara comprehensive specialized hospitals
topic Extubation failure
Incidence
Predictors
Intensive care unit
Northwest Ethiopia
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05625-6
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