Calibration of h'Es from VIPIR2 ionosondes in Japan
Abstract The measurement of virtual height of the sporadic E layer (h'Es) is very sensitive to the type of ionosonde used and the calibration processes. The ionosondes used by the national institute of communication and technology (NICT) has changed several times in the past, resulting in large...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Earth, Planets and Space |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02138-4 |
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| author | Sorai Teraoka Huixin Liu Michi Nishioka Susumu Saito Toru Takahashi Atsushi Kumamoto Yuki Ashihara Takumi Abe |
| author_facet | Sorai Teraoka Huixin Liu Michi Nishioka Susumu Saito Toru Takahashi Atsushi Kumamoto Yuki Ashihara Takumi Abe |
| author_sort | Sorai Teraoka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The measurement of virtual height of the sporadic E layer (h'Es) is very sensitive to the type of ionosonde used and the calibration processes. The ionosondes used by the national institute of communication and technology (NICT) has changed several times in the past, resulting in large differences in h'Es before and after the change. We propose a simple method to calibrate h'Es. We used the data of ionosonde observations at four stations, i.e., Wakkanai (45.16°N, 141.75°E), Tokyo (35.71°N, 139.49°E), Yamagawa (31.20°N, 130.62°E), Okinawa (26.68°N, 128.15°E) to calibrate the latest ionosondes VIPIR2, which were installed in May 2017. We carried out the analysis by applying the double-reflection method to the original ionogram images between 2017 and 2021. By developing an automated image detecting algorithm, we were able to process a large amount of data and achieve a calibration with high accuracy. As a result, it was found that the current VIPIR2 data had an offset of 26–28 km. Graphical abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-48424a0302ed430ebab63ca5e6a3a4e2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1880-5981 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth, Planets and Space |
| spelling | doaj-art-48424a0302ed430ebab63ca5e6a3a4e22025-08-20T02:01:29ZengSpringerOpenEarth, Planets and Space1880-59812025-02-017711710.1186/s40623-025-02138-4Calibration of h'Es from VIPIR2 ionosondes in JapanSorai Teraoka0Huixin Liu1Michi Nishioka2Susumu Saito3Toru Takahashi4Atsushi Kumamoto5Yuki Ashihara6Takumi Abe7Kyushu UniversityKyushu UniversityNational Institute of Information and Communications TechnologyNational Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Electronic Navigation Research InstituteNational Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology, Electronic Navigation Research InstituteTohoku UniversityNational Institute of Technology, Nara CollegeInstitute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyAbstract The measurement of virtual height of the sporadic E layer (h'Es) is very sensitive to the type of ionosonde used and the calibration processes. The ionosondes used by the national institute of communication and technology (NICT) has changed several times in the past, resulting in large differences in h'Es before and after the change. We propose a simple method to calibrate h'Es. We used the data of ionosonde observations at four stations, i.e., Wakkanai (45.16°N, 141.75°E), Tokyo (35.71°N, 139.49°E), Yamagawa (31.20°N, 130.62°E), Okinawa (26.68°N, 128.15°E) to calibrate the latest ionosondes VIPIR2, which were installed in May 2017. We carried out the analysis by applying the double-reflection method to the original ionogram images between 2017 and 2021. By developing an automated image detecting algorithm, we were able to process a large amount of data and achieve a calibration with high accuracy. As a result, it was found that the current VIPIR2 data had an offset of 26–28 km. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02138-4Sporadic E layerCalibrationIonosondeIonogramh’Es |
| spellingShingle | Sorai Teraoka Huixin Liu Michi Nishioka Susumu Saito Toru Takahashi Atsushi Kumamoto Yuki Ashihara Takumi Abe Calibration of h'Es from VIPIR2 ionosondes in Japan Earth, Planets and Space Sporadic E layer Calibration Ionosonde Ionogram h’Es |
| title | Calibration of h'Es from VIPIR2 ionosondes in Japan |
| title_full | Calibration of h'Es from VIPIR2 ionosondes in Japan |
| title_fullStr | Calibration of h'Es from VIPIR2 ionosondes in Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Calibration of h'Es from VIPIR2 ionosondes in Japan |
| title_short | Calibration of h'Es from VIPIR2 ionosondes in Japan |
| title_sort | calibration of h es from vipir2 ionosondes in japan |
| topic | Sporadic E layer Calibration Ionosonde Ionogram h’Es |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02138-4 |
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