Generation of Higher-Order Poincaré Beams with Polarization States Varying Along the Propagation Direction Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces

Vector beams (VBs) with longitudinally varying polarization states provide a new dimension for light field manipulation, and promote the advancements of related areas such as optical metrology, longitudinal depth detection, and classical and quantum communications. In this study, we propose a half-w...

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Main Authors: Kaixin Zhao, Teng Ma, Manna Gu, Qingrui Dong, Haoyan Zhou, Yuantao Wang, Wenxin Wang, Chuanfu Cheng, Chunxiang Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/7/478
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author Kaixin Zhao
Teng Ma
Manna Gu
Qingrui Dong
Haoyan Zhou
Yuantao Wang
Wenxin Wang
Chuanfu Cheng
Chunxiang Liu
author_facet Kaixin Zhao
Teng Ma
Manna Gu
Qingrui Dong
Haoyan Zhou
Yuantao Wang
Wenxin Wang
Chuanfu Cheng
Chunxiang Liu
author_sort Kaixin Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Vector beams (VBs) with longitudinally varying polarization states provide a new dimension for light field manipulation, and promote the advancements of related areas such as optical metrology, longitudinal depth detection, and classical and quantum communications. In this study, we propose a half-wave plate dielectric metasurface based on a spatial partitioning method, realizing the longitudinal manipulation of the polarization states of higher-order Poincaré (HOP) beams by changing the elliptical polarization state of the incident light and selecting the appropriate propagation distances. The metasurface is composed of two sub-metasurfaces, and the two sets of a-Si:H meta-atoms are uniformly arranged on concentric rings of different radii with an equal interval. The propagation and Pancharatnam–Berry phases are utilized to construct the axicon and helical phase profiles. As a result, two sub-metasurfaces, respectively, generate the first- and second-order VBs with longitudinally varying polarization states. The polarization states of generated VBs correspond to points on different meridians of nth-order HOP spheres from the south pole to the north pole. The consistency between the theoretical and simulated results demonstrates the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method. This study provides an innovative strategy to extend the modulation of light fields from two-dimensional to three-dimensional space.
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spelling doaj-art-48418f20a14f4bc9a343b4c28c0d45872025-08-20T02:17:01ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-03-0115747810.3390/nano15070478Generation of Higher-Order Poincaré Beams with Polarization States Varying Along the Propagation Direction Based on Dielectric MetasurfacesKaixin Zhao0Teng Ma1Manna Gu2Qingrui Dong3Haoyan Zhou4Yuantao Wang5Wenxin Wang6Chuanfu Cheng7Chunxiang Liu8School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, ChinaVector beams (VBs) with longitudinally varying polarization states provide a new dimension for light field manipulation, and promote the advancements of related areas such as optical metrology, longitudinal depth detection, and classical and quantum communications. In this study, we propose a half-wave plate dielectric metasurface based on a spatial partitioning method, realizing the longitudinal manipulation of the polarization states of higher-order Poincaré (HOP) beams by changing the elliptical polarization state of the incident light and selecting the appropriate propagation distances. The metasurface is composed of two sub-metasurfaces, and the two sets of a-Si:H meta-atoms are uniformly arranged on concentric rings of different radii with an equal interval. The propagation and Pancharatnam–Berry phases are utilized to construct the axicon and helical phase profiles. As a result, two sub-metasurfaces, respectively, generate the first- and second-order VBs with longitudinally varying polarization states. The polarization states of generated VBs correspond to points on different meridians of nth-order HOP spheres from the south pole to the north pole. The consistency between the theoretical and simulated results demonstrates the feasibility and practicability of the proposed method. This study provides an innovative strategy to extend the modulation of light fields from two-dimensional to three-dimensional space.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/7/478metasurfacevector beamslongitudinal manipulationspatial partitioning
spellingShingle Kaixin Zhao
Teng Ma
Manna Gu
Qingrui Dong
Haoyan Zhou
Yuantao Wang
Wenxin Wang
Chuanfu Cheng
Chunxiang Liu
Generation of Higher-Order Poincaré Beams with Polarization States Varying Along the Propagation Direction Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces
Nanomaterials
metasurface
vector beams
longitudinal manipulation
spatial partitioning
title Generation of Higher-Order Poincaré Beams with Polarization States Varying Along the Propagation Direction Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces
title_full Generation of Higher-Order Poincaré Beams with Polarization States Varying Along the Propagation Direction Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces
title_fullStr Generation of Higher-Order Poincaré Beams with Polarization States Varying Along the Propagation Direction Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces
title_full_unstemmed Generation of Higher-Order Poincaré Beams with Polarization States Varying Along the Propagation Direction Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces
title_short Generation of Higher-Order Poincaré Beams with Polarization States Varying Along the Propagation Direction Based on Dielectric Metasurfaces
title_sort generation of higher order poincare beams with polarization states varying along the propagation direction based on dielectric metasurfaces
topic metasurface
vector beams
longitudinal manipulation
spatial partitioning
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/7/478
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