Influence of Surface Treatments on the Electrochemical Performance of Lab-Made 3D-Printed Electrodes

This study investigated the effect of surface treatments on the electrochemical performance of 3D-printed electrodes for versatile applications. The conductive filament was obtained from a mixture of polylactic acid (PLA) and carbon black (CB) at a 7:3 ratio (PLA/CB) dispersed in acetic acid and dic...

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Main Authors: Thiago Gabry Barbosa, Daniela Nunes da Silva, Marcella Matos Cordeiro Borges, Scarlat Ohanna Dávila da Trindade, Thaís Cristina de Oliveira Cândido, Arnaldo César Pereira
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Analytica
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4532/6/1/9
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author Thiago Gabry Barbosa
Daniela Nunes da Silva
Marcella Matos Cordeiro Borges
Scarlat Ohanna Dávila da Trindade
Thaís Cristina de Oliveira Cândido
Arnaldo César Pereira
author_facet Thiago Gabry Barbosa
Daniela Nunes da Silva
Marcella Matos Cordeiro Borges
Scarlat Ohanna Dávila da Trindade
Thaís Cristina de Oliveira Cândido
Arnaldo César Pereira
author_sort Thiago Gabry Barbosa
collection DOAJ
description This study investigated the effect of surface treatments on the electrochemical performance of 3D-printed electrodes for versatile applications. The conductive filament was obtained from a mixture of polylactic acid (PLA) and carbon black (CB) at a 7:3 ratio (PLA/CB) dispersed in acetic acid and dichloroethane (3:1) medium. The treatments used were HNO<sub>3</sub>, NaOH, DMF (immersion for 30, 30, and 15 min, respectively), and electrochemical activation (amperometry 150 s, 1.8 V). In general, the treatments allow greater exposure of the conductive material and active sites present on the sensor surface. This was confirmed using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The analyses were conducted with a 0.10 M KCl solution containing the redox pair ferricyanide/ferrocyanide 5.00 mmol L<sup>−1</sup>. Based on the results obtained, the electroactive area, kinetic constant and resistance to electron transfer were determined for each treatment. The treatment in basic medium stood out as the treatment that was most appropriate for the device used in this work. The device was also tested for its potential in the analysis of acetaminophen, demonstrating satisfactory results permitting the application of 3D-S<sub>Basic</sub> in the analysis of acetaminophen.
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issn 2673-4532
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spelling doaj-art-4827444b340c49cab786c094d497f0ea2025-08-20T03:40:43ZengMDPI AGAnalytica2673-45322025-03-0161910.3390/analytica6010009Influence of Surface Treatments on the Electrochemical Performance of Lab-Made 3D-Printed ElectrodesThiago Gabry Barbosa0Daniela Nunes da Silva1Marcella Matos Cordeiro Borges2Scarlat Ohanna Dávila da Trindade3Thaís Cristina de Oliveira Cândido4Arnaldo César Pereira5Natural Sciences Department, Federal University of São João del Rei, 74 Praça Dom Helvécio, São João del Rei 36301-160, MG, BrazilNatural Sciences Department, Federal University of São João del Rei, 74 Praça Dom Helvécio, São João del Rei 36301-160, MG, BrazilNatural Sciences Department, Federal University of São João del Rei, 74 Praça Dom Helvécio, São João del Rei 36301-160, MG, BrazilNatural Sciences Department, Federal University of São João del Rei, 74 Praça Dom Helvécio, São João del Rei 36301-160, MG, BrazilNatural Sciences Department, Federal University of São João del Rei, 74 Praça Dom Helvécio, São João del Rei 36301-160, MG, BrazilNatural Sciences Department, Federal University of São João del Rei, 74 Praça Dom Helvécio, São João del Rei 36301-160, MG, BrazilThis study investigated the effect of surface treatments on the electrochemical performance of 3D-printed electrodes for versatile applications. The conductive filament was obtained from a mixture of polylactic acid (PLA) and carbon black (CB) at a 7:3 ratio (PLA/CB) dispersed in acetic acid and dichloroethane (3:1) medium. The treatments used were HNO<sub>3</sub>, NaOH, DMF (immersion for 30, 30, and 15 min, respectively), and electrochemical activation (amperometry 150 s, 1.8 V). In general, the treatments allow greater exposure of the conductive material and active sites present on the sensor surface. This was confirmed using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The analyses were conducted with a 0.10 M KCl solution containing the redox pair ferricyanide/ferrocyanide 5.00 mmol L<sup>−1</sup>. Based on the results obtained, the electroactive area, kinetic constant and resistance to electron transfer were determined for each treatment. The treatment in basic medium stood out as the treatment that was most appropriate for the device used in this work. The device was also tested for its potential in the analysis of acetaminophen, demonstrating satisfactory results permitting the application of 3D-S<sub>Basic</sub> in the analysis of acetaminophen.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4532/6/1/9electrochemical sensor3D printingconductive lab-made filamentsurface treatment
spellingShingle Thiago Gabry Barbosa
Daniela Nunes da Silva
Marcella Matos Cordeiro Borges
Scarlat Ohanna Dávila da Trindade
Thaís Cristina de Oliveira Cândido
Arnaldo César Pereira
Influence of Surface Treatments on the Electrochemical Performance of Lab-Made 3D-Printed Electrodes
Analytica
electrochemical sensor
3D printing
conductive lab-made filament
surface treatment
title Influence of Surface Treatments on the Electrochemical Performance of Lab-Made 3D-Printed Electrodes
title_full Influence of Surface Treatments on the Electrochemical Performance of Lab-Made 3D-Printed Electrodes
title_fullStr Influence of Surface Treatments on the Electrochemical Performance of Lab-Made 3D-Printed Electrodes
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Surface Treatments on the Electrochemical Performance of Lab-Made 3D-Printed Electrodes
title_short Influence of Surface Treatments on the Electrochemical Performance of Lab-Made 3D-Printed Electrodes
title_sort influence of surface treatments on the electrochemical performance of lab made 3d printed electrodes
topic electrochemical sensor
3D printing
conductive lab-made filament
surface treatment
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4532/6/1/9
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