A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products

Background and Aims: Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) is an important medicinal plant with broad pharmaco' logical activities. Because of their antioxidant activity, products prepared from rosemary extracts are used worldwide. There is no study comparing the antioxidant activities of the co...

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Main Authors: İçim Gökkaya, Didem Akkaya, Seher Ersoy, Burak Barut, Gülin Renda
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Istanbul University Press 2025-05-01
Series:İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/3A53795196154E8D9280B714BE563024
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author İçim Gökkaya
Didem Akkaya
Seher Ersoy
Burak Barut
Gülin Renda
author_facet İçim Gökkaya
Didem Akkaya
Seher Ersoy
Burak Barut
Gülin Renda
author_sort İçim Gökkaya
collection DOAJ
description Background and Aims: Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) is an important medicinal plant with broad pharmaco' logical activities. Because of their antioxidant activity, products prepared from rosemary extracts are used worldwide. There is no study comparing the antioxidant activities of the commercial products of R. officinalis sold in Türkiye. The study aimed to obtain an extract from rosemary with the highest antioxidant capacity that can be evaluated industrially. Methods: Two commercial products containing rosemary extract available for sale in Türkiye were obtained. Rosemary samples collected from both Trabzon (T) and Aydın (A) were extracted with 100% methanol, 70% methanol, 100% acetone, 100% ethyl acetate, and 30% ethanol. In addition, basic and acidic hydrolysis were used to prepare rosemary extracts with a high phenolic content. The antioxidant capacities of all samples were examined using in vitro 2,2'diphenyl'1'picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric'reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and phosphomolibdenum'reducing antioxidant power (PRAP) test systems. Results: It was demonstrated that the rosemary extracts obtained by one'step base hydrolysis were the most effective in DPPH (IC₅₀ values of 12.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL for A and T, respectively), FRAP (A: 500.2 ± 26.4 mg butylated hdroxyanisole equivalents (BHAE)/g extract, T: 487.4 ± 13.5 mg BHAE/g extract, and PRAP (A: 736.6 ± 25.1 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g extract, T: 841.8 ± 24.1 mg QE/g extract) assays. These rosemary extracts had the highest total phenolic content (A: 1158.0 ± 11.3 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract, T: 1382.5 ± 11.5 mg GAE/g extract). The rosemary extracts obtained from one'step base hydrolysis were more active than the commercial preparations. Conclusion: This is the first study to compare the antioxidant properties of rosemary commercial products with different extraction methods. These findings provide a significant contribution to the literature by revealing various extraction methods that can be used in the development of products with high antioxidant effects from rosemary.
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spelling doaj-art-4806fb708c8f48a1879279cd8d0afc572025-08-20T03:53:18ZengIstanbul University Pressİstanbul Journal of Pharmacy2587-20872025-05-0155119219910.26650/IstanbulJPharm.2025.1469498123456A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial productsİçim Gökkaya0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0803-2886Didem Akkaya1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-951XSeher Ersoy2https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5744-5404Burak Barut3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7441-8771Gülin Renda4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6323-0338Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, TurkiyeKaradeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, TurkiyeKaradeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, TurkiyeKaradeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, TurkiyeKaradeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, TurkiyeBackground and Aims: Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) is an important medicinal plant with broad pharmaco' logical activities. Because of their antioxidant activity, products prepared from rosemary extracts are used worldwide. There is no study comparing the antioxidant activities of the commercial products of R. officinalis sold in Türkiye. The study aimed to obtain an extract from rosemary with the highest antioxidant capacity that can be evaluated industrially. Methods: Two commercial products containing rosemary extract available for sale in Türkiye were obtained. Rosemary samples collected from both Trabzon (T) and Aydın (A) were extracted with 100% methanol, 70% methanol, 100% acetone, 100% ethyl acetate, and 30% ethanol. In addition, basic and acidic hydrolysis were used to prepare rosemary extracts with a high phenolic content. The antioxidant capacities of all samples were examined using in vitro 2,2'diphenyl'1'picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric'reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and phosphomolibdenum'reducing antioxidant power (PRAP) test systems. Results: It was demonstrated that the rosemary extracts obtained by one'step base hydrolysis were the most effective in DPPH (IC₅₀ values of 12.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL for A and T, respectively), FRAP (A: 500.2 ± 26.4 mg butylated hdroxyanisole equivalents (BHAE)/g extract, T: 487.4 ± 13.5 mg BHAE/g extract, and PRAP (A: 736.6 ± 25.1 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g extract, T: 841.8 ± 24.1 mg QE/g extract) assays. These rosemary extracts had the highest total phenolic content (A: 1158.0 ± 11.3 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g extract, T: 1382.5 ± 11.5 mg GAE/g extract). The rosemary extracts obtained from one'step base hydrolysis were more active than the commercial preparations. Conclusion: This is the first study to compare the antioxidant properties of rosemary commercial products with different extraction methods. These findings provide a significant contribution to the literature by revealing various extraction methods that can be used in the development of products with high antioxidant effects from rosemary.https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/3A53795196154E8D9280B714BE563024antioxidantcommercial productextraction techniquesrosemaryrosmarinus officinalis
spellingShingle İçim Gökkaya
Didem Akkaya
Seher Ersoy
Burak Barut
Gülin Renda
A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products
İstanbul Journal of Pharmacy
antioxidant
commercial product
extraction techniques
rosemary
rosmarinus officinalis
title A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products
title_full A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products
title_fullStr A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products
title_full_unstemmed A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products
title_short A comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products
title_sort comparative study evaluating the antioxidant activities of rosemary extracts and commercial products
topic antioxidant
commercial product
extraction techniques
rosemary
rosmarinus officinalis
url https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/3A53795196154E8D9280B714BE563024
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