Biodiversity Surveys Before Residential Building Renovations in Bulgaria with Emphasis on the Impact and Conservation of Building-Dwelling Fauna

The urbanization and the expansion of human settlements led to the adaptation of many animal species to living close to humans, often using buildings for roosting. Panel buildings are particularly attractive to rock-dwelling animals such as swifts, swallows, pigeons, and bats due to their numerous c...

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Main Authors: Stanimira Deleva, Nikolay Kolev, Angel Ivanov, Pavlina Marinova, Nasko Petkov, Nikolay Natchev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Ecologies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4133/6/1/22
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author Stanimira Deleva
Nikolay Kolev
Angel Ivanov
Pavlina Marinova
Nasko Petkov
Nikolay Natchev
author_facet Stanimira Deleva
Nikolay Kolev
Angel Ivanov
Pavlina Marinova
Nasko Petkov
Nikolay Natchev
author_sort Stanimira Deleva
collection DOAJ
description The urbanization and the expansion of human settlements led to the adaptation of many animal species to living close to humans, often using buildings for roosting. Panel buildings are particularly attractive to rock-dwelling animals such as swifts, swallows, pigeons, and bats due to their numerous cracks and crevices. The abundance of these structures in Eastern Europe has led to the establishment of numerous bird and bat colonies in the cities. However, the recent renovation and insulation of these buildings, while beneficial to residents, threatens the roosts. Construction workers are sometimes unaware of animal presence and inadvertently destroy nests or colonies. Rapid assessments before renovation are essential to rescue individuals and ensure the planning of alternative roosts for bats and birds. We conducted a pilot survey of 61 residential buildings in five municipalities in Bulgaria: Razgrad, Popovo, Haskovo, Dimitrovgrad, and Bobov Dol, to assess bird and bat biodiversity. We performed field assessments using direct observation, thermal cameras, ultrasonic detection, sunset counts, and endoscopic cameras. The most commonly detected bird species were the house martin, barn swallow, common swifts, the Eurasian jackdaw, pigeons, and sparrows. The most commonly detected bat species were the common pipistrelle, noctule, and Kuhl’s pipistrelle. Additionally, we discuss the specifics of the “soviet-type” buildings as nesting facilities for pigeons and the impact of the pigeons on the “micro ecology” of the blocks. Our study aimed to guide conservation actions and awareness during the expanding renovation efforts of old buildings in Bulgaria.
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spelling doaj-art-4805c847768d40a0b6e810e931dbfda82025-08-20T02:11:25ZengMDPI AGEcologies2673-41332025-03-01612210.3390/ecologies6010022Biodiversity Surveys Before Residential Building Renovations in Bulgaria with Emphasis on the Impact and Conservation of Building-Dwelling FaunaStanimira Deleva0Nikolay Kolev1Angel Ivanov2Pavlina Marinova3Nasko Petkov4Nikolay Natchev5National Museum of Natural History-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 1, 1000 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Shumen University, Universitetska Str. 115, 9700 Shumen, BulgariaNational Museum of Natural History-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 1, 1000 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Shumen University, Universitetska Str. 115, 9700 Shumen, BulgariaDepartment Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Shumen University, Universitetska Str. 115, 9700 Shumen, BulgariaDepartment Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Shumen University, Universitetska Str. 115, 9700 Shumen, BulgariaThe urbanization and the expansion of human settlements led to the adaptation of many animal species to living close to humans, often using buildings for roosting. Panel buildings are particularly attractive to rock-dwelling animals such as swifts, swallows, pigeons, and bats due to their numerous cracks and crevices. The abundance of these structures in Eastern Europe has led to the establishment of numerous bird and bat colonies in the cities. However, the recent renovation and insulation of these buildings, while beneficial to residents, threatens the roosts. Construction workers are sometimes unaware of animal presence and inadvertently destroy nests or colonies. Rapid assessments before renovation are essential to rescue individuals and ensure the planning of alternative roosts for bats and birds. We conducted a pilot survey of 61 residential buildings in five municipalities in Bulgaria: Razgrad, Popovo, Haskovo, Dimitrovgrad, and Bobov Dol, to assess bird and bat biodiversity. We performed field assessments using direct observation, thermal cameras, ultrasonic detection, sunset counts, and endoscopic cameras. The most commonly detected bird species were the house martin, barn swallow, common swifts, the Eurasian jackdaw, pigeons, and sparrows. The most commonly detected bat species were the common pipistrelle, noctule, and Kuhl’s pipistrelle. Additionally, we discuss the specifics of the “soviet-type” buildings as nesting facilities for pigeons and the impact of the pigeons on the “micro ecology” of the blocks. Our study aimed to guide conservation actions and awareness during the expanding renovation efforts of old buildings in Bulgaria.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4133/6/1/22aveschiropteraengineeringconstructionsynanthropic speciesurban ecology
spellingShingle Stanimira Deleva
Nikolay Kolev
Angel Ivanov
Pavlina Marinova
Nasko Petkov
Nikolay Natchev
Biodiversity Surveys Before Residential Building Renovations in Bulgaria with Emphasis on the Impact and Conservation of Building-Dwelling Fauna
Ecologies
aves
chiroptera
engineering
construction
synanthropic species
urban ecology
title Biodiversity Surveys Before Residential Building Renovations in Bulgaria with Emphasis on the Impact and Conservation of Building-Dwelling Fauna
title_full Biodiversity Surveys Before Residential Building Renovations in Bulgaria with Emphasis on the Impact and Conservation of Building-Dwelling Fauna
title_fullStr Biodiversity Surveys Before Residential Building Renovations in Bulgaria with Emphasis on the Impact and Conservation of Building-Dwelling Fauna
title_full_unstemmed Biodiversity Surveys Before Residential Building Renovations in Bulgaria with Emphasis on the Impact and Conservation of Building-Dwelling Fauna
title_short Biodiversity Surveys Before Residential Building Renovations in Bulgaria with Emphasis on the Impact and Conservation of Building-Dwelling Fauna
title_sort biodiversity surveys before residential building renovations in bulgaria with emphasis on the impact and conservation of building dwelling fauna
topic aves
chiroptera
engineering
construction
synanthropic species
urban ecology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4133/6/1/22
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