Slow Solar Wind: Origin in an Independent Small‐Scale Solar Dynamo

Abstract Separation of the solar wind (SW) into three flow types (coronal mass ejections (CMEs), high speed streams (HSSs), and slow solar wind (SSW)) reveals an inverse relationship between the percentage of time Earth spends in SSW during a year and its annually averaged magnetic field strength (B...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: E. W. Cliver, I. G. Richardson, S. F. Martin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113791
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850039235234496512
author E. W. Cliver
I. G. Richardson
S. F. Martin
author_facet E. W. Cliver
I. G. Richardson
S. F. Martin
author_sort E. W. Cliver
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Separation of the solar wind (SW) into three flow types (coronal mass ejections (CMEs), high speed streams (HSSs), and slow solar wind (SSW)) reveals an inverse relationship between the percentage of time Earth spends in SSW during a year and its annually averaged magnetic field strength (B). This relationship maintains a quasi‐constant floor of ∼2.8 nT in SW B carried to the heliosphere by the SSW during the last ∼60 years, in contrast to the contributions of CMEs and HSSs to SW B that exhibit the 11‐year variation of the large‐scale (LS) dynamo. We propose the SSW is not a by‐product of the LS‐dynamo, as currently thought, but rather results from a small‐scale dynamo that continually replenishes intranetwork flux that undergoes flux cancellation reconnection, to supply a fixed amount of open flux to the heliosphere. Of the three SW flow types, only SSW appears to be spatially/temporally ubiquitous.
format Article
id doaj-art-47fcd53146d847ffba1e16a707bf646a
institution DOAJ
issn 0094-8276
1944-8007
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-47fcd53146d847ffba1e16a707bf646a2025-08-20T02:56:24ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-07-015213n/an/a10.1029/2024GL113791Slow Solar Wind: Origin in an Independent Small‐Scale Solar DynamoE. W. Cliver0I. G. Richardson1S. F. Martin2National Solar Observatory Boulder CO USADepartment of Astronomy University of Maryland College Park MD USAHelio Research Glendale CA USAAbstract Separation of the solar wind (SW) into three flow types (coronal mass ejections (CMEs), high speed streams (HSSs), and slow solar wind (SSW)) reveals an inverse relationship between the percentage of time Earth spends in SSW during a year and its annually averaged magnetic field strength (B). This relationship maintains a quasi‐constant floor of ∼2.8 nT in SW B carried to the heliosphere by the SSW during the last ∼60 years, in contrast to the contributions of CMEs and HSSs to SW B that exhibit the 11‐year variation of the large‐scale (LS) dynamo. We propose the SSW is not a by‐product of the LS‐dynamo, as currently thought, but rather results from a small‐scale dynamo that continually replenishes intranetwork flux that undergoes flux cancellation reconnection, to supply a fixed amount of open flux to the heliosphere. Of the three SW flow types, only SSW appears to be spatially/temporally ubiquitous.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113791Sunsolar dynamosolar windmagnetic reconnection
spellingShingle E. W. Cliver
I. G. Richardson
S. F. Martin
Slow Solar Wind: Origin in an Independent Small‐Scale Solar Dynamo
Geophysical Research Letters
Sun
solar dynamo
solar wind
magnetic reconnection
title Slow Solar Wind: Origin in an Independent Small‐Scale Solar Dynamo
title_full Slow Solar Wind: Origin in an Independent Small‐Scale Solar Dynamo
title_fullStr Slow Solar Wind: Origin in an Independent Small‐Scale Solar Dynamo
title_full_unstemmed Slow Solar Wind: Origin in an Independent Small‐Scale Solar Dynamo
title_short Slow Solar Wind: Origin in an Independent Small‐Scale Solar Dynamo
title_sort slow solar wind origin in an independent small scale solar dynamo
topic Sun
solar dynamo
solar wind
magnetic reconnection
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113791
work_keys_str_mv AT ewcliver slowsolarwindorigininanindependentsmallscalesolardynamo
AT igrichardson slowsolarwindorigininanindependentsmallscalesolardynamo
AT sfmartin slowsolarwindorigininanindependentsmallscalesolardynamo