Antioxidant and Histopathological Effects of Paraquat and Fluroxypyr Herbicides on the Apple Snail <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> (Lamarck, 1822)
Argentina is among the top consumers of herbicides, yet studies on their environmental and health impact remain scarce. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of herbicide exposure on <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> as potential biomarkers of contamination. Specifically, we investigated whe...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Stresses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7140/5/2/33 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849433669434867712 |
|---|---|
| author | Alejandra D. Campoy-Diaz Israel A. Vega Maximiliano Giraud-Billoud |
| author_facet | Alejandra D. Campoy-Diaz Israel A. Vega Maximiliano Giraud-Billoud |
| author_sort | Alejandra D. Campoy-Diaz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Argentina is among the top consumers of herbicides, yet studies on their environmental and health impact remain scarce. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of herbicide exposure on <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> as potential biomarkers of contamination. Specifically, we investigated whether paraquat (Pq) and fluroxypyr (Fx) alter enzymatic antioxidant defenses in tissues following acute exposure and induce histological modifications in the digestive gland (DG), particularly in symbiotic corpuscles, after chronic exposure. The nominal no-observed-effect concentration on lethality (NOEC<sub>L</sub>) values were 3.62 µg/g dry mass (DM) for Pq and 10.42 µg/g DM for Fx. After acute exposure, superoxide dismutase activity decreased in the DG but increased in the kidney for both herbicides. Catalase activity decreased in the gills but increased in the kidneys of exposed snails, while glutathione-S-transferase activity increased in the DG and kidney after Pq exposure. Following chronic exposure (Pq: 1.45 µg/g DM; Fx: 6.94 µg/g DM), epithelial thickening and vacuolization were observed in Fx-exposed snails. Morphometric analysis of the DG showed that Pq reduced the epithelial occupancy of the symbiont’s vegetative form while increasing its cystic form. These findings indicate that both herbicides impact antioxidant defenses, DG function and host–symbiont interactions, reinforcing the suitability of <i>P. canaliculata</i> as bioindicator organisms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-47fbc8d8c0c04d3abe49d1f368db98ed |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-7140 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stresses |
| spelling | doaj-art-47fbc8d8c0c04d3abe49d1f368db98ed2025-08-20T03:26:56ZengMDPI AGStresses2673-71402025-05-01523310.3390/stresses5020033Antioxidant and Histopathological Effects of Paraquat and Fluroxypyr Herbicides on the Apple Snail <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> (Lamarck, 1822)Alejandra D. Campoy-Diaz0Israel A. Vega1Maximiliano Giraud-Billoud2Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, ArgentinaInstituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, ArgentinaInstituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza 5500, ArgentinaArgentina is among the top consumers of herbicides, yet studies on their environmental and health impact remain scarce. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of herbicide exposure on <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> as potential biomarkers of contamination. Specifically, we investigated whether paraquat (Pq) and fluroxypyr (Fx) alter enzymatic antioxidant defenses in tissues following acute exposure and induce histological modifications in the digestive gland (DG), particularly in symbiotic corpuscles, after chronic exposure. The nominal no-observed-effect concentration on lethality (NOEC<sub>L</sub>) values were 3.62 µg/g dry mass (DM) for Pq and 10.42 µg/g DM for Fx. After acute exposure, superoxide dismutase activity decreased in the DG but increased in the kidney for both herbicides. Catalase activity decreased in the gills but increased in the kidneys of exposed snails, while glutathione-S-transferase activity increased in the DG and kidney after Pq exposure. Following chronic exposure (Pq: 1.45 µg/g DM; Fx: 6.94 µg/g DM), epithelial thickening and vacuolization were observed in Fx-exposed snails. Morphometric analysis of the DG showed that Pq reduced the epithelial occupancy of the symbiont’s vegetative form while increasing its cystic form. These findings indicate that both herbicides impact antioxidant defenses, DG function and host–symbiont interactions, reinforcing the suitability of <i>P. canaliculata</i> as bioindicator organisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7140/5/2/33aquatic contaminationagrochemicalspesticidesoxidative stresssymbiosis<i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> |
| spellingShingle | Alejandra D. Campoy-Diaz Israel A. Vega Maximiliano Giraud-Billoud Antioxidant and Histopathological Effects of Paraquat and Fluroxypyr Herbicides on the Apple Snail <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> (Lamarck, 1822) Stresses aquatic contamination agrochemicals pesticides oxidative stress symbiosis <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> |
| title | Antioxidant and Histopathological Effects of Paraquat and Fluroxypyr Herbicides on the Apple Snail <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> (Lamarck, 1822) |
| title_full | Antioxidant and Histopathological Effects of Paraquat and Fluroxypyr Herbicides on the Apple Snail <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> (Lamarck, 1822) |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant and Histopathological Effects of Paraquat and Fluroxypyr Herbicides on the Apple Snail <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> (Lamarck, 1822) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant and Histopathological Effects of Paraquat and Fluroxypyr Herbicides on the Apple Snail <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> (Lamarck, 1822) |
| title_short | Antioxidant and Histopathological Effects of Paraquat and Fluroxypyr Herbicides on the Apple Snail <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> (Lamarck, 1822) |
| title_sort | antioxidant and histopathological effects of paraquat and fluroxypyr herbicides on the apple snail i pomacea canaliculata i lamarck 1822 |
| topic | aquatic contamination agrochemicals pesticides oxidative stress symbiosis <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-7140/5/2/33 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alejandradcampoydiaz antioxidantandhistopathologicaleffectsofparaquatandfluroxypyrherbicidesontheapplesnailipomaceacanaliculatailamarck1822 AT israelavega antioxidantandhistopathologicaleffectsofparaquatandfluroxypyrherbicidesontheapplesnailipomaceacanaliculatailamarck1822 AT maximilianogiraudbilloud antioxidantandhistopathologicaleffectsofparaquatandfluroxypyrherbicidesontheapplesnailipomaceacanaliculatailamarck1822 |