Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) for Nonrenal Indications among Critically Ill Children with Malignancy

The role of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been expanding beyond support for acute kidney injury (AKI) in recent years. Children with malignancy are particularly at risk of developing conditions that may require CRRT. We reported three children with malignancy who received CRRT for...

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Main Authors: Wun Fung Hui, Kam Lun Hon, Alexander K. C. Leung, Karen Ka Yan Leung, Shu Wing Ku, Frankie W. T. Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:Case Reports in Pediatrics
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660466
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author Wun Fung Hui
Kam Lun Hon
Alexander K. C. Leung
Karen Ka Yan Leung
Shu Wing Ku
Frankie W. T. Cheng
author_facet Wun Fung Hui
Kam Lun Hon
Alexander K. C. Leung
Karen Ka Yan Leung
Shu Wing Ku
Frankie W. T. Cheng
author_sort Wun Fung Hui
collection DOAJ
description The role of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been expanding beyond support for acute kidney injury (AKI) in recent years. Children with malignancy are particularly at risk of developing conditions that may require CRRT. We reported three children with malignancy who received CRRT for non-AKI indications. Patient 1 was a 17-year-old teenage girl who developed refractory type B lactic acidosis due to relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Her peak lactate level was 18 mmol/L, and the lowest pH and bicarbonate level was 7.13 and 6.0 mmol/L, respectively. She received three sessions of high-volume hemodiafiltration to bring down the lactate level. Patient 2 was a 15-year-old male with T-cell ALL who developed cytokine storm requiring mechanical ventilatory and high-dose inotropic support due to necrotizing enterocolitis complicated by pneumoperitoneum and Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia. He received two sessions of hemoperfusion using a specific filter capable of endotoxin absorption and cytokine removal and was successfully weaned off all inotropes after the treatment. Patient 3 was an 8-year-old boy who received bone marrow transplantation and developed worsening hyperbilirubinemia and deteriorating liver function. He received a session of single-pass albumin dialysis for bilirubin removal prior to liver biopsy. Except for mild electrolyte disturbances, no major CRRT complication was encountered. Our report demonstrated that CRRT is an effective and safe procedure for a wide spectrum of nonrenal conditions among children with oncological diagnoses in the pediatric intensive care unit. However, the optimal dose, regime, timing of initiation, and monitoring target for these indications remain to be determined.
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spelling doaj-art-47eed1b2fed34f749ade8b1223dedd112025-08-20T02:37:54ZengWileyCase Reports in Pediatrics2090-68032090-68112021-01-01202110.1155/2021/66604666660466Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) for Nonrenal Indications among Critically Ill Children with MalignancyWun Fung Hui0Kam Lun Hon1Alexander K. C. Leung2Karen Ka Yan Leung3Shu Wing Ku4Frankie W. T. Cheng5Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong KongDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong KongDepartment of Paediatrics, The University of Calgary and Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta T2M 0H5, CanadaDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong KongDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong KongDepartment of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children’s Hospital, Hong KongThe role of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been expanding beyond support for acute kidney injury (AKI) in recent years. Children with malignancy are particularly at risk of developing conditions that may require CRRT. We reported three children with malignancy who received CRRT for non-AKI indications. Patient 1 was a 17-year-old teenage girl who developed refractory type B lactic acidosis due to relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Her peak lactate level was 18 mmol/L, and the lowest pH and bicarbonate level was 7.13 and 6.0 mmol/L, respectively. She received three sessions of high-volume hemodiafiltration to bring down the lactate level. Patient 2 was a 15-year-old male with T-cell ALL who developed cytokine storm requiring mechanical ventilatory and high-dose inotropic support due to necrotizing enterocolitis complicated by pneumoperitoneum and Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia. He received two sessions of hemoperfusion using a specific filter capable of endotoxin absorption and cytokine removal and was successfully weaned off all inotropes after the treatment. Patient 3 was an 8-year-old boy who received bone marrow transplantation and developed worsening hyperbilirubinemia and deteriorating liver function. He received a session of single-pass albumin dialysis for bilirubin removal prior to liver biopsy. Except for mild electrolyte disturbances, no major CRRT complication was encountered. Our report demonstrated that CRRT is an effective and safe procedure for a wide spectrum of nonrenal conditions among children with oncological diagnoses in the pediatric intensive care unit. However, the optimal dose, regime, timing of initiation, and monitoring target for these indications remain to be determined.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660466
spellingShingle Wun Fung Hui
Kam Lun Hon
Alexander K. C. Leung
Karen Ka Yan Leung
Shu Wing Ku
Frankie W. T. Cheng
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) for Nonrenal Indications among Critically Ill Children with Malignancy
Case Reports in Pediatrics
title Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) for Nonrenal Indications among Critically Ill Children with Malignancy
title_full Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) for Nonrenal Indications among Critically Ill Children with Malignancy
title_fullStr Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) for Nonrenal Indications among Critically Ill Children with Malignancy
title_full_unstemmed Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) for Nonrenal Indications among Critically Ill Children with Malignancy
title_short Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) for Nonrenal Indications among Critically Ill Children with Malignancy
title_sort continuous renal replacement therapy crrt for nonrenal indications among critically ill children with malignancy
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6660466
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