Evaluation of endocan biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy and diseased peri-implant sites: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective This investigation evaluates Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 (Endocan), an endothelial-derived protein, for its capacity to discriminate between healthy and pathological peri-implant tissues and its diagnostic potential in peri-implant disease. Materials and methods This cros...

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Main Authors: Ahmed I. Awad, Maha A. Abou Khadr, Sabah Abdelhady, Rania Abdelaziz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06633-8
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author Ahmed I. Awad
Maha A. Abou Khadr
Sabah Abdelhady
Rania Abdelaziz
author_facet Ahmed I. Awad
Maha A. Abou Khadr
Sabah Abdelhady
Rania Abdelaziz
author_sort Ahmed I. Awad
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This investigation evaluates Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 (Endocan), an endothelial-derived protein, for its capacity to discriminate between healthy and pathological peri-implant tissues and its diagnostic potential in peri-implant disease. Materials and methods This cross-sectional investigation analyzed 62 peri-implant sites from 62 individuals, including 31 healthy sites, chosen according to clinical and radiographic parameters based on 2017 consensus recommendations. Collection of peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) utilized paper point methodology, with Endocan quantification performed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Statistical analysis included multivariable linear regression models to evaluate associations between disease status and Endocan levels, adjusting for demographic factors. Results Endocan levels demonstrated a clear disease progression pattern. Healthy sites showed the lowest levels (643.66 ± 128.49 ng/L), while peri-implantitis sites exhibited significantly elevated concentrations (841.83 ± 62.72 ng/L, p < 0.001). Peri-implant mucositis sites (671.99 ± 133.00 ng/L) were not significantly different from healthy sites (p = 0.757). Modeling demonstrated that peri-implantitis exhibited significant correlation with increased Endocan concentrations (B = 187.74, p < 0.001), while peri-implant mucositis showed no significant association (p = 0.431). Additionally, younger age, female sex, and smoking were independently associated with higher Endocan concentrations. Conclusions Endocan demonstrates specificity as a biomarker for peri-implantitis, showing capacity to differentiate advanced peri-implant pathology from healthy tissues and peri-implant mucositis. These results suggest Endocan’s potential utility for disease staging and monitoring in peri-implant care, providing a foundation for biomarker-based diagnostic approaches in implant dentistry.
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spelling doaj-art-47e44e545d9d4a8381f19efe5057077f2025-08-20T04:02:44ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-07-0125111010.1186/s12903-025-06633-8Evaluation of endocan biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy and diseased peri-implant sites: a cross-sectional studyAhmed I. Awad0Maha A. Abou Khadr1Sabah Abdelhady2Rania Abdelaziz3Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Division of periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityDepartment of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Division of periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria UniversityDepartment of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Division of periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria UniversityAbstract Objective This investigation evaluates Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule-1 (Endocan), an endothelial-derived protein, for its capacity to discriminate between healthy and pathological peri-implant tissues and its diagnostic potential in peri-implant disease. Materials and methods This cross-sectional investigation analyzed 62 peri-implant sites from 62 individuals, including 31 healthy sites, chosen according to clinical and radiographic parameters based on 2017 consensus recommendations. Collection of peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) utilized paper point methodology, with Endocan quantification performed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Statistical analysis included multivariable linear regression models to evaluate associations between disease status and Endocan levels, adjusting for demographic factors. Results Endocan levels demonstrated a clear disease progression pattern. Healthy sites showed the lowest levels (643.66 ± 128.49 ng/L), while peri-implantitis sites exhibited significantly elevated concentrations (841.83 ± 62.72 ng/L, p < 0.001). Peri-implant mucositis sites (671.99 ± 133.00 ng/L) were not significantly different from healthy sites (p = 0.757). Modeling demonstrated that peri-implantitis exhibited significant correlation with increased Endocan concentrations (B = 187.74, p < 0.001), while peri-implant mucositis showed no significant association (p = 0.431). Additionally, younger age, female sex, and smoking were independently associated with higher Endocan concentrations. Conclusions Endocan demonstrates specificity as a biomarker for peri-implantitis, showing capacity to differentiate advanced peri-implant pathology from healthy tissues and peri-implant mucositis. These results suggest Endocan’s potential utility for disease staging and monitoring in peri-implant care, providing a foundation for biomarker-based diagnostic approaches in implant dentistry.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06633-8EndocanPeri-implantitisPeri-implant mucositisBiomarkerPeri-implant disease
spellingShingle Ahmed I. Awad
Maha A. Abou Khadr
Sabah Abdelhady
Rania Abdelaziz
Evaluation of endocan biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy and diseased peri-implant sites: a cross-sectional study
BMC Oral Health
Endocan
Peri-implantitis
Peri-implant mucositis
Biomarker
Peri-implant disease
title Evaluation of endocan biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy and diseased peri-implant sites: a cross-sectional study
title_full Evaluation of endocan biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy and diseased peri-implant sites: a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Evaluation of endocan biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy and diseased peri-implant sites: a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of endocan biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy and diseased peri-implant sites: a cross-sectional study
title_short Evaluation of endocan biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid of healthy and diseased peri-implant sites: a cross-sectional study
title_sort evaluation of endocan biomarker levels in peri implant crevicular fluid of healthy and diseased peri implant sites a cross sectional study
topic Endocan
Peri-implantitis
Peri-implant mucositis
Biomarker
Peri-implant disease
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06633-8
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AT sabahabdelhady evaluationofendocanbiomarkerlevelsinperiimplantcrevicularfluidofhealthyanddiseasedperiimplantsitesacrosssectionalstudy
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