Towards Cleaner Cities: Estimating Vehicle-Induced PM<sub>2.5</sub> with Hybrid EBM-CMA-ES Modeling

Towards Cleaner Cities: Estimating Vehicle-Induced PM<sub>2.5</sub> with Hybrid EBM-CMA-ES Modeling

In developing countries, vehicle emissions are a major source of atmospheric pollution, worsened by aging vehicle fleets and less stringent emissions regulations. This results in elevated levels of particulate matter, contributing to the degradation of urban air quality and increasing concerns over...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Saleh Alotaibi, Hamad Almujibah, Khalaf Alla Adam Mohamed, Adil A. M. Elhassan, Badr T. Alsulami, Abdullah Alsaluli, Afaq Khattak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Toxics
Subjects:
air quality
PM<sub>2.5</sub>
explainable boosting machine
covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/12/11/827
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