Mysterious Oropouche virus: Transmission, symptoms, and control

The Oropouche virus (OROV) is a new zoonotic arbovirus that mostly affects Brazil and nearby countries. Since its discovery in 1955, it has caused more than 500,000 infections, with symptoms ranging from fever and headache to serious neuroinvasive disorders such as meningitis and encephalitis. The v...

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Main Authors: Sejal Porwal, Rishabha Malviya, Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar, Javedh Shareef, Tarun Wadhwa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Infectious Medicine
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X25000164
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author Sejal Porwal
Rishabha Malviya
Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar
Javedh Shareef
Tarun Wadhwa
author_facet Sejal Porwal
Rishabha Malviya
Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar
Javedh Shareef
Tarun Wadhwa
author_sort Sejal Porwal
collection DOAJ
description The Oropouche virus (OROV) is a new zoonotic arbovirus that mostly affects Brazil and nearby countries. Since its discovery in 1955, it has caused more than 500,000 infections, with symptoms ranging from fever and headache to serious neuroinvasive disorders such as meningitis and encephalitis. The virus spreads through urban and sylvatic cycles via vectors such as Culicoides midges and Culex mosquitos, with humans and some vertebrates serving as amplifying hosts. The manuscript aims to analyze the transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and potential preventive strategies for OROV. OROV is becoming an increasing health concern due to its global expansion and potential for serious consequences. Its growing threat, especially in light of the possibility of congenital abnormalities, is highlighted by the first recorded deaths in 2024 and the verification of vertical transmission. Clinical symptoms overlap greatly with other arboviruses, limiting early diagnosis; nonetheless, molecular approaches such as RT-PCR are crucial for identification. The current therapy is restricted to symptom control, highlighting the critical need for effective vaccinations. Live attenuated vaccination candidates and innovative techniques based on reverse genetics systems are both promising discoveries. However, the genetic variety of OROV strains poses obstacles to obtaining broad protection. To combat OROV, improved surveillance, strong public health initiatives, and quick vaccine development are needed. Public education and sustainable vector control are also essential for controlling outbreaks and lessening the virus effects.
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spelling doaj-art-47d69765011141ba95fdd2dde6e9ca812025-08-20T02:35:31ZengElsevierInfectious Medicine2772-431X2025-06-014210017710.1016/j.imj.2025.100177Mysterious Oropouche virus: Transmission, symptoms, and controlSejal Porwal0Rishabha Malviya1Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar2Javedh Shareef3Tarun Wadhwa4Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201308, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India; Galgotias Multi-Disciplinary Research & Development Cell (G-MRDC), Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201308, Uttar Pradesh, India; Corresponding author.RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab EmiratesRAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab EmiratesRAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab EmiratesThe Oropouche virus (OROV) is a new zoonotic arbovirus that mostly affects Brazil and nearby countries. Since its discovery in 1955, it has caused more than 500,000 infections, with symptoms ranging from fever and headache to serious neuroinvasive disorders such as meningitis and encephalitis. The virus spreads through urban and sylvatic cycles via vectors such as Culicoides midges and Culex mosquitos, with humans and some vertebrates serving as amplifying hosts. The manuscript aims to analyze the transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and potential preventive strategies for OROV. OROV is becoming an increasing health concern due to its global expansion and potential for serious consequences. Its growing threat, especially in light of the possibility of congenital abnormalities, is highlighted by the first recorded deaths in 2024 and the verification of vertical transmission. Clinical symptoms overlap greatly with other arboviruses, limiting early diagnosis; nonetheless, molecular approaches such as RT-PCR are crucial for identification. The current therapy is restricted to symptom control, highlighting the critical need for effective vaccinations. Live attenuated vaccination candidates and innovative techniques based on reverse genetics systems are both promising discoveries. However, the genetic variety of OROV strains poses obstacles to obtaining broad protection. To combat OROV, improved surveillance, strong public health initiatives, and quick vaccine development are needed. Public education and sustainable vector control are also essential for controlling outbreaks and lessening the virus effects.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X25000164Oropouche feverArbovirusViral diseaseOropouche virusEpidemicsOrtho-bunya virus
spellingShingle Sejal Porwal
Rishabha Malviya
Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar
Javedh Shareef
Tarun Wadhwa
Mysterious Oropouche virus: Transmission, symptoms, and control
Infectious Medicine
Oropouche fever
Arbovirus
Viral disease
Oropouche virus
Epidemics
Ortho-bunya virus
title Mysterious Oropouche virus: Transmission, symptoms, and control
title_full Mysterious Oropouche virus: Transmission, symptoms, and control
title_fullStr Mysterious Oropouche virus: Transmission, symptoms, and control
title_full_unstemmed Mysterious Oropouche virus: Transmission, symptoms, and control
title_short Mysterious Oropouche virus: Transmission, symptoms, and control
title_sort mysterious oropouche virus transmission symptoms and control
topic Oropouche fever
Arbovirus
Viral disease
Oropouche virus
Epidemics
Ortho-bunya virus
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X25000164
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