The Role of Cystatin C in the Prediction of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Procedures: A Systematic Review
Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) represents a significant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and accounts for 11% of all cases. Conventional biomarkers, such as serum creatinine (SCr), present limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the ear...
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IMR Press
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/7/10.31083/RCM36643 |
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| author | Azad Mojahedi Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos On Chen Hal Skopicki |
| author_facet | Azad Mojahedi Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos On Chen Hal Skopicki |
| author_sort | Azad Mojahedi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) represents a significant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and accounts for 11% of all cases. Conventional biomarkers, such as serum creatinine (SCr), present limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the early detection of CI-AKI. Therefore, this review examines the potential of cystatin C (CysC) as a biomarker for predicting CI-AKI in patients undergoing coronary procedures and assesses its effectiveness compared to traditional markers. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using PubMed to identify studies published between January 2020 and March 2025. The inclusion criteria focused on original studies examining CysC levels for early CI-AKI detection in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Data extraction followed a standardized charting method, focusing on key findings from the selected studies. Results: A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial pool of 410 articles, with data extracted from these seven prospective studies. Key findings indicated that elevated preoperative CysC levels correlated with a higher risk of developing CI-AKI, demonstrating greater sensitivity and specificity than the conventional SCr biomarker. The mean cut-off values for CysC varied across studies, but consistent trends highlighted its potential as an early indicator of renal dysfunction. Conclusions: CysC appears to be a more sensitive biomarker than SCr for the early detection of CI-AKI. This review suggests that integrating CysC measurement into clinical practice could enhance the early diagnosis and management of CI-AKI, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Hence, future research should focus on standardizing CysC cut-off values and further explore their implications in broader clinical settings and guidelines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-47d4cf1d93c548a1b0f8a729e5a0e91a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1530-6550 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | IMR Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-47d4cf1d93c548a1b0f8a729e5a0e91a2025-08-20T03:39:57ZengIMR PressReviews in Cardiovascular Medicine1530-65502025-07-012673664310.31083/RCM36643S1530-6550(25)01870-8The Role of Cystatin C in the Prediction of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Procedures: A Systematic ReviewAzad Mojahedi0Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos1On Chen2Hal Skopicki3Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADivision of Cardiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADivision of Cardiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USADivision of Cardiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USABackground: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) represents a significant cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and accounts for 11% of all cases. Conventional biomarkers, such as serum creatinine (SCr), present limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the early detection of CI-AKI. Therefore, this review examines the potential of cystatin C (CysC) as a biomarker for predicting CI-AKI in patients undergoing coronary procedures and assesses its effectiveness compared to traditional markers. Methods: This systematic review was conducted using PubMed to identify studies published between January 2020 and March 2025. The inclusion criteria focused on original studies examining CysC levels for early CI-AKI detection in patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Data extraction followed a standardized charting method, focusing on key findings from the selected studies. Results: A total of 7 studies met the inclusion criteria from an initial pool of 410 articles, with data extracted from these seven prospective studies. Key findings indicated that elevated preoperative CysC levels correlated with a higher risk of developing CI-AKI, demonstrating greater sensitivity and specificity than the conventional SCr biomarker. The mean cut-off values for CysC varied across studies, but consistent trends highlighted its potential as an early indicator of renal dysfunction. Conclusions: CysC appears to be a more sensitive biomarker than SCr for the early detection of CI-AKI. This review suggests that integrating CysC measurement into clinical practice could enhance the early diagnosis and management of CI-AKI, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Hence, future research should focus on standardizing CysC cut-off values and further explore their implications in broader clinical settings and guidelines.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/7/10.31083/RCM36643acute kidney injurycontrast-induced nephropathycystatin cpercutaneous coronary interventioncoronary angiographysystematic review |
| spellingShingle | Azad Mojahedi Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos On Chen Hal Skopicki The Role of Cystatin C in the Prediction of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Procedures: A Systematic Review Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine acute kidney injury contrast-induced nephropathy cystatin c percutaneous coronary intervention coronary angiography systematic review |
| title | The Role of Cystatin C in the Prediction of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Procedures: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | The Role of Cystatin C in the Prediction of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Procedures: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Cystatin C in the Prediction of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Procedures: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Cystatin C in the Prediction of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Procedures: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | The Role of Cystatin C in the Prediction of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Following Coronary Procedures: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | role of cystatin c in the prediction of contrast induced acute kidney injury following coronary procedures a systematic review |
| topic | acute kidney injury contrast-induced nephropathy cystatin c percutaneous coronary intervention coronary angiography systematic review |
| url | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/RCM/26/7/10.31083/RCM36643 |
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