Association between protein and energy intake during acute phase and sepsis outcomes: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between protein and energy intake during the early (days 1–2) and late (days 3–7) acute phase and prognosis in septic patients with nutritional risk screening 2002 ≥ 3. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with 28-day...

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Main Authors: Ke-Li Wen, Yun-Xing Cao, Hu Du, Wen-Qi Huang, An Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13738-1
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author Ke-Li Wen
Yun-Xing Cao
Hu Du
Wen-Qi Huang
An Zhang
author_facet Ke-Li Wen
Yun-Xing Cao
Hu Du
Wen-Qi Huang
An Zhang
author_sort Ke-Li Wen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigated the relationship between protein and energy intake during the early (days 1–2) and late (days 3–7) acute phase and prognosis in septic patients with nutritional risk screening 2002 ≥ 3. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with 28-day mortality. Among 293 shock patients, higher energy intake in days 3–7 was signifcantly associated with lower 28-day mortality (hazard ratio, 0.969; 95% confidence interval, 0.942–0.997; P = 0.033). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed achieving 75% of energy target in days 3–7 correlated with decreased 28-day mortality (P = 0.040). In 309 non-shock patients, no significant relationships between nutritional therapy during acute phase and 28-day mortality were observed. Enhanced energy intake in days 3–7 showed no correlation with improvements in length of intensive care unit/hospital stay, ventilator-free days, non-ICU survival days or hospitalization costs for septic patients. In shock patients, energy intake in days 3–7 demonstrated no relationship with secondary infections; however, among non-shock patients, achieving 50% of energy intake in days 3–7 was linked to lower incidence of fungus infections (P = 0.006) and intra-abdominal infections(P = 0.003). Our findings demonstrate statistical associations between augmenting energy intake during the late acute phase and potential benefits in sepsis.
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spelling doaj-art-47d2ae7e7ce040508a0a3f31e035219c2025-08-20T03:04:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-13738-1Association between protein and energy intake during acute phase and sepsis outcomes: a retrospective cohort studyKe-Li Wen0Yun-Xing Cao1Hu Du2Wen-Qi Huang3An Zhang4Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityAbstract This study investigated the relationship between protein and energy intake during the early (days 1–2) and late (days 3–7) acute phase and prognosis in septic patients with nutritional risk screening 2002 ≥ 3. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with 28-day mortality. Among 293 shock patients, higher energy intake in days 3–7 was signifcantly associated with lower 28-day mortality (hazard ratio, 0.969; 95% confidence interval, 0.942–0.997; P = 0.033). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed achieving 75% of energy target in days 3–7 correlated with decreased 28-day mortality (P = 0.040). In 309 non-shock patients, no significant relationships between nutritional therapy during acute phase and 28-day mortality were observed. Enhanced energy intake in days 3–7 showed no correlation with improvements in length of intensive care unit/hospital stay, ventilator-free days, non-ICU survival days or hospitalization costs for septic patients. In shock patients, energy intake in days 3–7 demonstrated no relationship with secondary infections; however, among non-shock patients, achieving 50% of energy intake in days 3–7 was linked to lower incidence of fungus infections (P = 0.006) and intra-abdominal infections(P = 0.003). Our findings demonstrate statistical associations between augmenting energy intake during the late acute phase and potential benefits in sepsis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13738-1Nutritional riskSepsisMortalityEnergyCalorie
spellingShingle Ke-Li Wen
Yun-Xing Cao
Hu Du
Wen-Qi Huang
An Zhang
Association between protein and energy intake during acute phase and sepsis outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Scientific Reports
Nutritional risk
Sepsis
Mortality
Energy
Calorie
title Association between protein and energy intake during acute phase and sepsis outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
title_full Association between protein and energy intake during acute phase and sepsis outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr Association between protein and energy intake during acute phase and sepsis outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Association between protein and energy intake during acute phase and sepsis outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
title_short Association between protein and energy intake during acute phase and sepsis outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
title_sort association between protein and energy intake during acute phase and sepsis outcomes a retrospective cohort study
topic Nutritional risk
Sepsis
Mortality
Energy
Calorie
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13738-1
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AT hudu associationbetweenproteinandenergyintakeduringacutephaseandsepsisoutcomesaretrospectivecohortstudy
AT wenqihuang associationbetweenproteinandenergyintakeduringacutephaseandsepsisoutcomesaretrospectivecohortstudy
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