Single nucleotide polymorphisms and penicillin non-susceptibility among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from Vietnam and India: Insights from a comparative genomics study

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality across all age groups. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly penicillin resistance, is a significant treatment challenge. The study investigates AMR patterns among S. pneum...

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Main Authors: Avani Panickar, Anand Manoharan, Sudha Ramaiah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716525000864
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author Avani Panickar
Anand Manoharan
Sudha Ramaiah
author_facet Avani Panickar
Anand Manoharan
Sudha Ramaiah
author_sort Avani Panickar
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT: Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality across all age groups. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly penicillin resistance, is a significant treatment challenge. The study investigates AMR patterns among S. pneumoniae isolates from Vietnam, a country with high penicillin non-susceptibility, and India which in comparison has lower penicillin non-susceptibility. The present study focuses on penicillin resistance-associated genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that contribute to pathogenicity. Methods: Invasive S. pneumoniae belonging to serotypes 23F (n = 13) and 19F (n = 20) genome sequences from Vietnam (n = 13) and India (n = 20) were retrieved and annotated to identify core genes. These genes were screened for antimicrobial resistance using the database. The genome sequences were mapped to a reference genome to detect the gene variants and were analysed for identifying specific mutations that contribute to pathogenicity. Results: Annotations identified pbp1a, pbp2b, and pbp2x (pbpX) as relevant AMR genes. In Vietnam, pbpX was a core gene, with 41 SNPs detected, of which 7 were deleterious mutations contributing to penicillin resistance. In contrast, pbpX was completely absent in the Indian genomes analysed. Conclusions: The current study highlights the genetic basis of penicillin non-susceptibility among invasive S. pneumoniae serotypes 23F and 19F and focuses on regional variations in resistance between India and Vietnam. The pbpX was identified as a core gene among penicillin-resistant pneumococci in Vietnam. In India, the absence of pbpX highlights genomic diversity, distinct from the uniformity observed in Vietnamese genomes. The study further predicts that deleterious SNPs are associated with pathogenicity.
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spelling doaj-art-47badafb09c44d27a47e5d276991d99b2025-08-20T03:32:02ZengElsevierJournal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance2213-71652025-06-014312012910.1016/j.jgar.2025.04.016Single nucleotide polymorphisms and penicillin non-susceptibility among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from Vietnam and India: Insights from a comparative genomics studyAvani Panickar0Anand Manoharan1Sudha Ramaiah2Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaInfectious Diseases Medical and Scientific Affairs, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Worli, Maharashtra, IndiaMedical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India; Corresponding author. Mailing address: Medical and Biological Computing Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.ABSTRACT: Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a significant cause of global morbidity and mortality across all age groups. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly penicillin resistance, is a significant treatment challenge. The study investigates AMR patterns among S. pneumoniae isolates from Vietnam, a country with high penicillin non-susceptibility, and India which in comparison has lower penicillin non-susceptibility. The present study focuses on penicillin resistance-associated genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that contribute to pathogenicity. Methods: Invasive S. pneumoniae belonging to serotypes 23F (n = 13) and 19F (n = 20) genome sequences from Vietnam (n = 13) and India (n = 20) were retrieved and annotated to identify core genes. These genes were screened for antimicrobial resistance using the database. The genome sequences were mapped to a reference genome to detect the gene variants and were analysed for identifying specific mutations that contribute to pathogenicity. Results: Annotations identified pbp1a, pbp2b, and pbp2x (pbpX) as relevant AMR genes. In Vietnam, pbpX was a core gene, with 41 SNPs detected, of which 7 were deleterious mutations contributing to penicillin resistance. In contrast, pbpX was completely absent in the Indian genomes analysed. Conclusions: The current study highlights the genetic basis of penicillin non-susceptibility among invasive S. pneumoniae serotypes 23F and 19F and focuses on regional variations in resistance between India and Vietnam. The pbpX was identified as a core gene among penicillin-resistant pneumococci in Vietnam. In India, the absence of pbpX highlights genomic diversity, distinct from the uniformity observed in Vietnamese genomes. The study further predicts that deleterious SNPs are associated with pathogenicity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716525000864Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)Penicillin-binding proteinsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)Core genesVietnamIndia
spellingShingle Avani Panickar
Anand Manoharan
Sudha Ramaiah
Single nucleotide polymorphisms and penicillin non-susceptibility among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from Vietnam and India: Insights from a comparative genomics study
Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Penicillin-binding proteins
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
Core genes
Vietnam
India
title Single nucleotide polymorphisms and penicillin non-susceptibility among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from Vietnam and India: Insights from a comparative genomics study
title_full Single nucleotide polymorphisms and penicillin non-susceptibility among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from Vietnam and India: Insights from a comparative genomics study
title_fullStr Single nucleotide polymorphisms and penicillin non-susceptibility among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from Vietnam and India: Insights from a comparative genomics study
title_full_unstemmed Single nucleotide polymorphisms and penicillin non-susceptibility among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from Vietnam and India: Insights from a comparative genomics study
title_short Single nucleotide polymorphisms and penicillin non-susceptibility among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae from Vietnam and India: Insights from a comparative genomics study
title_sort single nucleotide polymorphisms and penicillin non susceptibility among invasive streptococcus pneumoniae from vietnam and india insights from a comparative genomics study
topic Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Penicillin-binding proteins
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
Core genes
Vietnam
India
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213716525000864
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