The Timing and Spectral Properties of the 2022 Outburst of SGR J1935+2154 Observed with NICER
The magnetar SGR J1935+2154 entered a new active episode on 2022 October 10, with X-ray bursts and enhanced persistent emission. At the tail of a high burst rate interval, lasting several hours, radio bursts were detected, revealing the connection between the X-ray activities and radio emissions. We...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada936 |
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| author | Fu Yu-Cong Lin Lin Ge Ming-Yu Enoto Teruaki Hu Chin-Ping Younes George Göǧüş Ersin Malacaria Christian |
| author_facet | Fu Yu-Cong Lin Lin Ge Ming-Yu Enoto Teruaki Hu Chin-Ping Younes George Göǧüş Ersin Malacaria Christian |
| author_sort | Fu Yu-Cong |
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| description | The magnetar SGR J1935+2154 entered a new active episode on 2022 October 10, with X-ray bursts and enhanced persistent emission. At the tail of a high burst rate interval, lasting several hours, radio bursts were detected, revealing the connection between the X-ray activities and radio emissions. We analyzed observations of SGR J1935+2154 for nearly 3 months, using data from the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer. We report the timing and spectral results following the onset of this outburst. In general, the X-ray flux of the persistent emission decays exponentially. While a flare is evident on the light curve, a fast radio burst (FRB) was detected immediately following the peak of this flare. We found a phase jump in the pulse profile, with a deviation of a 0.16 ± 0.03 phase, which is related to the glitch. The spectra are well fit with the combination of a blackbody and a power-law (PL) model. The decay of the outburst is dominated by the drop in the nonthermal component, which also leads to an increase in thermal proportion. The photon index of the PL is inversely correlated with both the unabsorbed flux and the burst rate. We find that unlike the large variety of the persistent emission around FRB 221014, the X-ray properties are very stable when FRBs 221021 and 221201 happened. These results manifest the connection between the glitch, phase jump, X-ray burst, and radio burst, crucial for studying the mutation in twisted magnetic fields and constraining the trigger mechanism of radio bursts. |
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| id | doaj-art-47a7d68e6e5045b494c68915e5ef3ac8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-47a7d68e6e5045b494c68915e5ef3ac82025-02-06T06:51:43ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198019910.3847/1538-4357/ada936The Timing and Spectral Properties of the 2022 Outburst of SGR J1935+2154 Observed with NICERFu Yu-Cong0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2228-0618Lin Lin1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0633-5325Ge Ming-Yu2Enoto Teruaki3Hu Chin-Ping4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8551-2002Younes George5Göǧüş Ersin6Malacaria Christian7Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China ; llin@bnu.edu.cn; School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of ChinaInstitute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China ; llin@bnu.edu.cn; School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502, JapanDepartment of Physics, National Changhua University of Education , Changhua City, TaiwanAstrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Center for Space Sciences and Technology , UMBC, Baltimore, MD 21250, USASabancı University , Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, İstanbul 34956, TurkeyINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, Monteporzio Catone (RM), I-00078, ItalyThe magnetar SGR J1935+2154 entered a new active episode on 2022 October 10, with X-ray bursts and enhanced persistent emission. At the tail of a high burst rate interval, lasting several hours, radio bursts were detected, revealing the connection between the X-ray activities and radio emissions. We analyzed observations of SGR J1935+2154 for nearly 3 months, using data from the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer. We report the timing and spectral results following the onset of this outburst. In general, the X-ray flux of the persistent emission decays exponentially. While a flare is evident on the light curve, a fast radio burst (FRB) was detected immediately following the peak of this flare. We found a phase jump in the pulse profile, with a deviation of a 0.16 ± 0.03 phase, which is related to the glitch. The spectra are well fit with the combination of a blackbody and a power-law (PL) model. The decay of the outburst is dominated by the drop in the nonthermal component, which also leads to an increase in thermal proportion. The photon index of the PL is inversely correlated with both the unabsorbed flux and the burst rate. We find that unlike the large variety of the persistent emission around FRB 221014, the X-ray properties are very stable when FRBs 221021 and 221201 happened. These results manifest the connection between the glitch, phase jump, X-ray burst, and radio burst, crucial for studying the mutation in twisted magnetic fields and constraining the trigger mechanism of radio bursts.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada936Neutron starsMagnetarsX-ray transient sources |
| spellingShingle | Fu Yu-Cong Lin Lin Ge Ming-Yu Enoto Teruaki Hu Chin-Ping Younes George Göǧüş Ersin Malacaria Christian The Timing and Spectral Properties of the 2022 Outburst of SGR J1935+2154 Observed with NICER The Astrophysical Journal Neutron stars Magnetars X-ray transient sources |
| title | The Timing and Spectral Properties of the 2022 Outburst of SGR J1935+2154 Observed with NICER |
| title_full | The Timing and Spectral Properties of the 2022 Outburst of SGR J1935+2154 Observed with NICER |
| title_fullStr | The Timing and Spectral Properties of the 2022 Outburst of SGR J1935+2154 Observed with NICER |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Timing and Spectral Properties of the 2022 Outburst of SGR J1935+2154 Observed with NICER |
| title_short | The Timing and Spectral Properties of the 2022 Outburst of SGR J1935+2154 Observed with NICER |
| title_sort | timing and spectral properties of the 2022 outburst of sgr j1935 2154 observed with nicer |
| topic | Neutron stars Magnetars X-ray transient sources |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada936 |
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