The Resistance Distance Is a Diffusion Distance on a Graph

The resistance distance is a squared Euclidean metric on the vertices of a graph derived from the consideration of a graph as an electrical circuit. Its connection with the commute time of a random walker on the graph has made it particularly appealing for the analysis of networks. Here, we prove th...

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Main Author: Ernesto Estrada
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/15/2380
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author Ernesto Estrada
author_facet Ernesto Estrada
author_sort Ernesto Estrada
collection DOAJ
description The resistance distance is a squared Euclidean metric on the vertices of a graph derived from the consideration of a graph as an electrical circuit. Its connection with the commute time of a random walker on the graph has made it particularly appealing for the analysis of networks. Here, we prove that the resistance distance is given by a difference of “mass concentrations” obtained at the vertices of a graph by a diffusive process. The nature of this diffusive process is characterized here by means of an operator corresponding to the matrix logarithm of a Perron-like matrix based on the pseudoinverse of the graph Laplacian. We prove also that this operator is indeed the Laplacian matrix of a signed version of the original graph, in which nonnearest neighbors’ “interactions” are also considered. In this way, the resistance distance is part of a family of squared Euclidean distances emerging from diffusive dynamics on graphs.
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spelling doaj-art-47a0acfae75e474bb6df1278d7a4adcc2025-08-20T03:36:31ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-07-011315238010.3390/math13152380The Resistance Distance Is a Diffusion Distance on a GraphErnesto Estrada0Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems (IFISC), CSIC-UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, SpainThe resistance distance is a squared Euclidean metric on the vertices of a graph derived from the consideration of a graph as an electrical circuit. Its connection with the commute time of a random walker on the graph has made it particularly appealing for the analysis of networks. Here, we prove that the resistance distance is given by a difference of “mass concentrations” obtained at the vertices of a graph by a diffusive process. The nature of this diffusive process is characterized here by means of an operator corresponding to the matrix logarithm of a Perron-like matrix based on the pseudoinverse of the graph Laplacian. We prove also that this operator is indeed the Laplacian matrix of a signed version of the original graph, in which nonnearest neighbors’ “interactions” are also considered. In this way, the resistance distance is part of a family of squared Euclidean distances emerging from diffusive dynamics on graphs.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/15/2380effective resistancegraph Laplaciandiffusion on graphsmatrix functionsmatrix logarithm
spellingShingle Ernesto Estrada
The Resistance Distance Is a Diffusion Distance on a Graph
Mathematics
effective resistance
graph Laplacian
diffusion on graphs
matrix functions
matrix logarithm
title The Resistance Distance Is a Diffusion Distance on a Graph
title_full The Resistance Distance Is a Diffusion Distance on a Graph
title_fullStr The Resistance Distance Is a Diffusion Distance on a Graph
title_full_unstemmed The Resistance Distance Is a Diffusion Distance on a Graph
title_short The Resistance Distance Is a Diffusion Distance on a Graph
title_sort resistance distance is a diffusion distance on a graph
topic effective resistance
graph Laplacian
diffusion on graphs
matrix functions
matrix logarithm
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/15/2380
work_keys_str_mv AT ernestoestrada theresistancedistanceisadiffusiondistanceonagraph
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