Metallicities of 20 Million Giant Stars Based on Gaia XP Spectra

Metallicities of 20 Million Giant Stars Based on Gaia XP Spectra

We design an uncertainty-aware cost-sensitive neural network (UA-CSNet) to estimate metallicities from dereddened and corrected Gaia BP/RP (XP) spectra for giant stars. This method accounts for both stochastic errors in the input spectra and the imbalanced density distribution in [Fe/H] values. With...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lin Yang, Haibo Yuan, Bowen Huang, Ruoyi Zhang, Timothy C. Beers, Kai Xiao, Shuai Xu, Yang Huang, Maosheng Xiang, Meng Zhang, Jinming Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Subjects:
Fundamental parameters of stars
Metallicity
Astronomy data analysis
Spectroscopy
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/add5e3
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Summary:We design an uncertainty-aware cost-sensitive neural network (UA-CSNet) to estimate metallicities from dereddened and corrected Gaia BP/RP (XP) spectra for giant stars. This method accounts for both stochastic errors in the input spectra and the imbalanced density distribution in [Fe/H] values. With a specialized architecture and training strategy, the UA-CSNet improves the precision of the predicted metallicities, especially for very metal-poor (VMP; [Fe/H] ≤ −2.0) stars. With the PASTEL catalog as the training sample, our model can estimate metallicities down to [Fe/H] ∼ −4. We compare our estimates with a number of external catalogs and conduct tests using star clusters, finding overall good agreement. We also confirm that our estimates for VMP stars are unaffected by carbon enhancement. Applying the UA-CSNet, we obtain reliable and precise metallicity estimates for approximately 20 million giant stars, including 360,000 VMP stars and 50,000 extremely metal-poor ([Fe/H] ≤ −3.0) stars. The resulting catalog is publicly available via the Chinese Virtual Observatory at doi: 10.12149/101604. This work highlights the potential of low-resolution spectra for metallicity estimation and provides a valuable data set for studying the formation and chemodynamical evolution of our Galaxy.
ISSN:0067-0049

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