Contributions of Educational Investment to International Student Mobility: A Multivariate and Neutrosophic Analysis of Educational Service Quality in OECD Data
This article examines the impact of educational investments in higher education on student international mobility from 39 OECD countries between 2013 and 2020 through multivariate statistical analyses and neutrosophic modeling of the SERVQUAL Neutrosophic Model. The findings, based on principal comp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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University of New Mexico
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Neutrosophic Sets and Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/28.EducationalInvestmentInternational.pdf |
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| author | Alexis Matheu Pérez Roberto Cortés Alain Carrier Carlos Sebrango |
| author_facet | Alexis Matheu Pérez Roberto Cortés Alain Carrier Carlos Sebrango |
| author_sort | Alexis Matheu Pérez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article examines the impact of educational investments in higher education on student international mobility from 39 OECD countries between 2013 and 2020 through multivariate statistical analyses and neutrosophic modeling of the SERVQUAL Neutrosophic Model. The findings, based on principal component analysis, biplot conclusions, and multiple linear regressions, suggest that there is a complicated, mixed relationship between investment per student, investment as a percentage of higher education, and part-time employment. However, findings establish that educational investments (in unconditional numbers) have a direct nexus to international mobility, linking biometrics to positive human well-being efforts, sustainability of academic disciplines, and responsible, relative internationalization. In addition, the SERVQUAL Neutrosophic Model, as a new contribution to the study, emphasizes the quality of educational services offered or expected by students for critical infrastructure, international student resources, and indigenous employment opportunities; thus neutrosophically analyzed where the temporal aspect of measurement can either mesh or integrally clash. For example, Norway and Denmark's high investment per student yield positive outcomes with little neutrosophic uncertainty; however, India's low investment predicts ambiguity for low neutrosophic certainty for service access and female students regarding part-time opportunities. Thus, this implies that both integrative public policy within higher education and labor markets and subsequent neutrosophic assessments of service quality are necessary to better facilitate personal mobility for community-driven intention and international efforts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-47842631d4bd4f96a648b53beedd9e30 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2331-6055 2331-608X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | University of New Mexico |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neutrosophic Sets and Systems |
| spelling | doaj-art-47842631d4bd4f96a648b53beedd9e302025-08-20T03:06:58ZengUniversity of New MexicoNeutrosophic Sets and Systems2331-60552331-608X2025-07-018935737410.5281/zenodo.16636867Contributions of Educational Investment to International Student Mobility: A Multivariate and Neutrosophic Analysis of Educational Service Quality in OECD DataAlexis Matheu PérezRoberto CortésAlain CarrierCarlos SebrangoThis article examines the impact of educational investments in higher education on student international mobility from 39 OECD countries between 2013 and 2020 through multivariate statistical analyses and neutrosophic modeling of the SERVQUAL Neutrosophic Model. The findings, based on principal component analysis, biplot conclusions, and multiple linear regressions, suggest that there is a complicated, mixed relationship between investment per student, investment as a percentage of higher education, and part-time employment. However, findings establish that educational investments (in unconditional numbers) have a direct nexus to international mobility, linking biometrics to positive human well-being efforts, sustainability of academic disciplines, and responsible, relative internationalization. In addition, the SERVQUAL Neutrosophic Model, as a new contribution to the study, emphasizes the quality of educational services offered or expected by students for critical infrastructure, international student resources, and indigenous employment opportunities; thus neutrosophically analyzed where the temporal aspect of measurement can either mesh or integrally clash. For example, Norway and Denmark's high investment per student yield positive outcomes with little neutrosophic uncertainty; however, India's low investment predicts ambiguity for low neutrosophic certainty for service access and female students regarding part-time opportunities. Thus, this implies that both integrative public policy within higher education and labor markets and subsequent neutrosophic assessments of service quality are necessary to better facilitate personal mobility for community-driven intention and international efforts. https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/28.EducationalInvestmentInternational.pdfstudent mobilityinvestment in educationhj- biplot analysisneutrosophic analysispublic policiesservqual neutrosophic model |
| spellingShingle | Alexis Matheu Pérez Roberto Cortés Alain Carrier Carlos Sebrango Contributions of Educational Investment to International Student Mobility: A Multivariate and Neutrosophic Analysis of Educational Service Quality in OECD Data Neutrosophic Sets and Systems student mobility investment in education hj- biplot analysis neutrosophic analysis public policies servqual neutrosophic model |
| title | Contributions of Educational Investment to International Student Mobility: A Multivariate and Neutrosophic Analysis of Educational Service Quality in OECD Data |
| title_full | Contributions of Educational Investment to International Student Mobility: A Multivariate and Neutrosophic Analysis of Educational Service Quality in OECD Data |
| title_fullStr | Contributions of Educational Investment to International Student Mobility: A Multivariate and Neutrosophic Analysis of Educational Service Quality in OECD Data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contributions of Educational Investment to International Student Mobility: A Multivariate and Neutrosophic Analysis of Educational Service Quality in OECD Data |
| title_short | Contributions of Educational Investment to International Student Mobility: A Multivariate and Neutrosophic Analysis of Educational Service Quality in OECD Data |
| title_sort | contributions of educational investment to international student mobility a multivariate and neutrosophic analysis of educational service quality in oecd data |
| topic | student mobility investment in education hj- biplot analysis neutrosophic analysis public policies servqual neutrosophic model |
| url | https://fs.unm.edu/NSS/28.EducationalInvestmentInternational.pdf |
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