METTL21A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via methylating and stabilizing BAG3

Abstract Protein methyltransferases regulate diverse physiological and pathological processes through histone and non-histone substrate methylation. While the role of histone methyltransferases in tumorigenesis is well-established, the contribution of non-histone methyltransferases, particularly Met...

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Main Authors: Ping Zhan, Yizhe Cheng, Yingcan Wu, Jing Lu, Jing Wen, Xiaoqin Chi, Changhong Luo, Yiwei Peng, Xijun Chen, Fuqiang Wang, Zhenyu Yin, Chengrong Xie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Precision Oncology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-01021-5
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author Ping Zhan
Yizhe Cheng
Yingcan Wu
Jing Lu
Jing Wen
Xiaoqin Chi
Changhong Luo
Yiwei Peng
Xijun Chen
Fuqiang Wang
Zhenyu Yin
Chengrong Xie
author_facet Ping Zhan
Yizhe Cheng
Yingcan Wu
Jing Lu
Jing Wen
Xiaoqin Chi
Changhong Luo
Yiwei Peng
Xijun Chen
Fuqiang Wang
Zhenyu Yin
Chengrong Xie
author_sort Ping Zhan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Protein methyltransferases regulate diverse physiological and pathological processes through histone and non-histone substrate methylation. While the role of histone methyltransferases in tumorigenesis is well-established, the contribution of non-histone methyltransferases, particularly Methyltransferase 21A (METTL21A), to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains poorly characterized. Here, we report that METTL21A is significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and associated with poor clinical prognosis. Transcriptional activation by CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) was identified as a key driver of METTL21A overexpression. Functional studies demonstrated that METTL21A promotes HCC growth and metastasis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, METTL21A mediates methylation of Bcl-2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG3), thereby inhibiting its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. We further identified Tripartite motif containing 21 (TRIM21) as the E3 ligase responsible for BAG3 ubiquitination and found that METTL21A disrupts the TRIM21-BAG3 interaction. Notably, we discovered that the natural compound sophoricoside (Sop) acts as a METTL21A inhibitor and exhibits potent anti-HCC activity. Our study not only elucidates the oncogenic role and molecular mechanism of METTL21A in HCC progression but also highlights its therapeutic potential as a novel drug target for HCC treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-478079d39d6a44648908d6e348b52c4f2025-08-20T04:01:44ZengNature Portfolionpj Precision Oncology2397-768X2025-07-019111810.1038/s41698-025-01021-5METTL21A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via methylating and stabilizing BAG3Ping Zhan0Yizhe Cheng1Yingcan Wu2Jing Lu3Jing Wen4Xiaoqin Chi5Changhong Luo6Yiwei Peng7Xijun Chen8Fuqiang Wang9Zhenyu Yin10Chengrong Xie11Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese MedicineFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen Translational Medical Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityAbstract Protein methyltransferases regulate diverse physiological and pathological processes through histone and non-histone substrate methylation. While the role of histone methyltransferases in tumorigenesis is well-established, the contribution of non-histone methyltransferases, particularly Methyltransferase 21A (METTL21A), to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains poorly characterized. Here, we report that METTL21A is significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and associated with poor clinical prognosis. Transcriptional activation by CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) was identified as a key driver of METTL21A overexpression. Functional studies demonstrated that METTL21A promotes HCC growth and metastasis in both in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, METTL21A mediates methylation of Bcl-2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG3), thereby inhibiting its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. We further identified Tripartite motif containing 21 (TRIM21) as the E3 ligase responsible for BAG3 ubiquitination and found that METTL21A disrupts the TRIM21-BAG3 interaction. Notably, we discovered that the natural compound sophoricoside (Sop) acts as a METTL21A inhibitor and exhibits potent anti-HCC activity. Our study not only elucidates the oncogenic role and molecular mechanism of METTL21A in HCC progression but also highlights its therapeutic potential as a novel drug target for HCC treatment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-01021-5
spellingShingle Ping Zhan
Yizhe Cheng
Yingcan Wu
Jing Lu
Jing Wen
Xiaoqin Chi
Changhong Luo
Yiwei Peng
Xijun Chen
Fuqiang Wang
Zhenyu Yin
Chengrong Xie
METTL21A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via methylating and stabilizing BAG3
npj Precision Oncology
title METTL21A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via methylating and stabilizing BAG3
title_full METTL21A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via methylating and stabilizing BAG3
title_fullStr METTL21A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via methylating and stabilizing BAG3
title_full_unstemmed METTL21A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via methylating and stabilizing BAG3
title_short METTL21A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via methylating and stabilizing BAG3
title_sort mettl21a promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via methylating and stabilizing bag3
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-01021-5
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