Rapid early remission in a patient with severe aplastic anemia: a case report of hetrombopag, cyclosporine, and danazol combination therapy

Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is a life-threatening bone marrow failure syndrome that is caused primarily by immune-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem cells. Traditional treatment relies on immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CSA). However, the...

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Main Authors: Yuting Dai, Qiang Guo, Xiaoxiao Guo, Qiuju Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1609771/full
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author Yuting Dai
Qiang Guo
Xiaoxiao Guo
Qiuju Liu
author_facet Yuting Dai
Qiang Guo
Xiaoxiao Guo
Qiuju Liu
author_sort Yuting Dai
collection DOAJ
description Severe aplastic anemia (SAA) is a life-threatening bone marrow failure syndrome that is caused primarily by immune-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem cells. Traditional treatment relies on immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CSA). However, the toxicity and limited availability of ATG have spurred interest in ATG-free regimens. This case report describes a 28-year-old male with SAA who was treated with a combination of CSA, danazol, and hetrombopag (HPAG). The patient presented with pancytopenia and a hypocellular bone marrow, thus meeting the SAA criteria. He received CSA (5 mg/kg/day), HPAG (started at 10 mg and increased to 15 mg/day), and danazol (400 mg/day). Hematologic assessments using the NIH criteria revealed a partial response at 3 months and a complete response at 6 months, with reduced proportions of active T-cell subclones and no severe adverse events. This case suggests that the combination of CSA, HPAG, and danazol is effective in treating SAA, and a large-scale clinical trial is warranted to further confirm these promising results.
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spelling doaj-art-47565bd6e26347cd8b50a69eb3797ac42025-08-25T05:25:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-08-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16097711609771Rapid early remission in a patient with severe aplastic anemia: a case report of hetrombopag, cyclosporine, and danazol combination therapyYuting DaiQiang GuoXiaoxiao GuoQiuju LiuSevere aplastic anemia (SAA) is a life-threatening bone marrow failure syndrome that is caused primarily by immune-mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem cells. Traditional treatment relies on immunosuppressive therapy (IST) with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine (CSA). However, the toxicity and limited availability of ATG have spurred interest in ATG-free regimens. This case report describes a 28-year-old male with SAA who was treated with a combination of CSA, danazol, and hetrombopag (HPAG). The patient presented with pancytopenia and a hypocellular bone marrow, thus meeting the SAA criteria. He received CSA (5 mg/kg/day), HPAG (started at 10 mg and increased to 15 mg/day), and danazol (400 mg/day). Hematologic assessments using the NIH criteria revealed a partial response at 3 months and a complete response at 6 months, with reduced proportions of active T-cell subclones and no severe adverse events. This case suggests that the combination of CSA, HPAG, and danazol is effective in treating SAA, and a large-scale clinical trial is warranted to further confirm these promising results.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1609771/fullsevere aplastic anemiacase reportimmunosupressive agentsantithymocyte globulincyclosporinehetrombopag
spellingShingle Yuting Dai
Qiang Guo
Xiaoxiao Guo
Qiuju Liu
Rapid early remission in a patient with severe aplastic anemia: a case report of hetrombopag, cyclosporine, and danazol combination therapy
Frontiers in Immunology
severe aplastic anemia
case report
immunosupressive agents
antithymocyte globulin
cyclosporine
hetrombopag
title Rapid early remission in a patient with severe aplastic anemia: a case report of hetrombopag, cyclosporine, and danazol combination therapy
title_full Rapid early remission in a patient with severe aplastic anemia: a case report of hetrombopag, cyclosporine, and danazol combination therapy
title_fullStr Rapid early remission in a patient with severe aplastic anemia: a case report of hetrombopag, cyclosporine, and danazol combination therapy
title_full_unstemmed Rapid early remission in a patient with severe aplastic anemia: a case report of hetrombopag, cyclosporine, and danazol combination therapy
title_short Rapid early remission in a patient with severe aplastic anemia: a case report of hetrombopag, cyclosporine, and danazol combination therapy
title_sort rapid early remission in a patient with severe aplastic anemia a case report of hetrombopag cyclosporine and danazol combination therapy
topic severe aplastic anemia
case report
immunosupressive agents
antithymocyte globulin
cyclosporine
hetrombopag
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1609771/full
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AT xiaoxiaoguo rapidearlyremissioninapatientwithsevereaplasticanemiaacasereportofhetrombopagcyclosporineanddanazolcombinationtherapy
AT qiujuliu rapidearlyremissioninapatientwithsevereaplasticanemiaacasereportofhetrombopagcyclosporineanddanazolcombinationtherapy