Surgical site infections: a comprehensive review
Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a major public health challenge, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, classification, risk factors, microbiological aspects, treatment modalities, and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Society of Traumatology
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Trauma and Injury |
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| Online Access: | http://jtraumainj.org/upload/pdf/jti-2025-0019.pdf |
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| _version_ | 1849320552306573312 |
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| author | Ahmad Reza Rezaei Damian Zienkiewicz Amir Reza Rezaei |
| author_facet | Ahmad Reza Rezaei Damian Zienkiewicz Amir Reza Rezaei |
| author_sort | Ahmad Reza Rezaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a major public health challenge, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, classification, risk factors, microbiological aspects, treatment modalities, and prevention strategies for SSIs, based on contemporary research and evidence-based practice protocols. An extensive literature review was conducted, synthesizing existing studies on SSIs. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and guidelines from leading organizations such as the American College of Surgeons, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed articles as well as American and European medical guidelines focusing on the epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology, treatment, and prevention of SSIs. The review adhered to the PECO (population, exposure, comparator, outcome) framework. Some of the most significant global concerns related to SSIs include antibiotic resistance and the contamination of surgical instruments, particularly in resource-poor settings. Trauma patients, especially those undergoing emergency procedures or sustaining open fractures, are at increased risk for SSIs due to the severity of their injuries and higher contamination risks. These findings underscore the importance of preventive measures, such as appropriate preoperative interventions, strict aseptic techniques, and proper antibiotic prophylaxis, in reducing SSI incidence and improving patient outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4754591b97e6415fb1acc0bd554e4b47 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2799-4317 2287-1683 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Korean Society of Traumatology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Trauma and Injury |
| spelling | doaj-art-4754591b97e6415fb1acc0bd554e4b472025-08-20T03:50:02ZengKorean Society of TraumatologyJournal of Trauma and Injury2799-43172287-16832025-06-01382718110.20408/jti.2025.00191360Surgical site infections: a comprehensive reviewAhmad Reza Rezaei0Damian Zienkiewicz1Amir Reza Rezaei2 Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, PolandSurgical site infections (SSIs) represent a major public health challenge, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, classification, risk factors, microbiological aspects, treatment modalities, and prevention strategies for SSIs, based on contemporary research and evidence-based practice protocols. An extensive literature review was conducted, synthesizing existing studies on SSIs. A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and guidelines from leading organizations such as the American College of Surgeons, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the World Health Organization, and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed articles as well as American and European medical guidelines focusing on the epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology, treatment, and prevention of SSIs. The review adhered to the PECO (population, exposure, comparator, outcome) framework. Some of the most significant global concerns related to SSIs include antibiotic resistance and the contamination of surgical instruments, particularly in resource-poor settings. Trauma patients, especially those undergoing emergency procedures or sustaining open fractures, are at increased risk for SSIs due to the severity of their injuries and higher contamination risks. These findings underscore the importance of preventive measures, such as appropriate preoperative interventions, strict aseptic techniques, and proper antibiotic prophylaxis, in reducing SSI incidence and improving patient outcomes.http://jtraumainj.org/upload/pdf/jti-2025-0019.pdfsurgical wound infectionmicrobial drug resistance equipment contaminationsterilization |
| spellingShingle | Ahmad Reza Rezaei Damian Zienkiewicz Amir Reza Rezaei Surgical site infections: a comprehensive review Journal of Trauma and Injury surgical wound infection microbial drug resistance equipment contamination sterilization |
| title | Surgical site infections: a comprehensive review |
| title_full | Surgical site infections: a comprehensive review |
| title_fullStr | Surgical site infections: a comprehensive review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surgical site infections: a comprehensive review |
| title_short | Surgical site infections: a comprehensive review |
| title_sort | surgical site infections a comprehensive review |
| topic | surgical wound infection microbial drug resistance equipment contamination sterilization |
| url | http://jtraumainj.org/upload/pdf/jti-2025-0019.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ahmadrezarezaei surgicalsiteinfectionsacomprehensivereview AT damianzienkiewicz surgicalsiteinfectionsacomprehensivereview AT amirrezarezaei surgicalsiteinfectionsacomprehensivereview |