Mixtures of Sodium Iso-Butyl Xanthate and Sodium Di-Ethyl Dithiophosphate on the Flotation of a Cu-Ni-PGM Ore in Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and NaNO<sub>3</sub>
The use of mixtures of thiol collectors has been reported to benefit the flotation of Cu-Ni-PGM ores. However, the increasing reliance on recycled water in mineral processing may alter the performance of flotation reagents. This necessitates a deeper understanding of flotation reagents into their be...
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| author | Malibongwe S. Manono Katlego M. Matibidi Iyiola O. Otunniyi |
| author_facet | Malibongwe S. Manono Katlego M. Matibidi Iyiola O. Otunniyi |
| author_sort | Malibongwe S. Manono |
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| description | The use of mixtures of thiol collectors has been reported to benefit the flotation of Cu-Ni-PGM ores. However, the increasing reliance on recycled water in mineral processing may alter the performance of flotation reagents. This necessitates a deeper understanding of flotation reagents into their behaviour in different components or constituents of process water. This is crucial for better decision-making when determining the quality of process water that optimises reagent performance for specific ores. Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> are common cations in process water and are known to exert various effects in both the pulp and froth phases, making them frequent subjects of recent investigations into water quality. In contrast, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> anions have received less research attention compared to other common ions in process water, such as Cl<sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>−</sup>, and S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>−</sup>, despite being present in significant concentrations. NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ions are understood to originate from blasting chemicals used during mining, leaching into solution during milling, and thus can be considered key players in the interactions occurring in the pulp phase. Their interactions in the pulp phase and their role in flotation are therefore important to consider. This work presents results from bench-scale batch flotation tests conducted on a Cu-Ni-PGM ore from the Merensky Reef, using mixtures of thiol collectors, namely sodium isobutyl xanthate and sodium diethyl dithiophosphate, in solutions containing Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and NaNO<sub>3</sub>. NaNO<sub>3</sub> solutions showed higher solids recoveries for all thiol collector mixtures compared to Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> solutions, this was attributed to increased gangue entrainment in Na<sup>+</sup> compared to Ca<sup>2+</sup>. Higher Cu and Ni recoveries were observed in NaNO<sub>3</sub> solutions across all thiol collector mixtures; however, higher Cu and Ni grades were achieved in Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> solutions compared to NaNO<sub>3</sub>. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-47475864437041ecace883b6797da2c62025-08-20T02:43:06ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002024-05-01105113510.3390/proceedings2024105135Mixtures of Sodium Iso-Butyl Xanthate and Sodium Di-Ethyl Dithiophosphate on the Flotation of a Cu-Ni-PGM Ore in Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and NaNO<sub>3</sub> Malibongwe S. Manono0Katlego M. Matibidi1Iyiola O. Otunniyi2Centre for Minerals Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology, Private Bag X021, Vanderbijlpark 1911, South AfricaThe use of mixtures of thiol collectors has been reported to benefit the flotation of Cu-Ni-PGM ores. However, the increasing reliance on recycled water in mineral processing may alter the performance of flotation reagents. This necessitates a deeper understanding of flotation reagents into their behaviour in different components or constituents of process water. This is crucial for better decision-making when determining the quality of process water that optimises reagent performance for specific ores. Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Na<sup>+</sup> are common cations in process water and are known to exert various effects in both the pulp and froth phases, making them frequent subjects of recent investigations into water quality. In contrast, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> anions have received less research attention compared to other common ions in process water, such as Cl<sup>−</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>−</sup>, and S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>−</sup>, despite being present in significant concentrations. NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ions are understood to originate from blasting chemicals used during mining, leaching into solution during milling, and thus can be considered key players in the interactions occurring in the pulp phase. Their interactions in the pulp phase and their role in flotation are therefore important to consider. This work presents results from bench-scale batch flotation tests conducted on a Cu-Ni-PGM ore from the Merensky Reef, using mixtures of thiol collectors, namely sodium isobutyl xanthate and sodium diethyl dithiophosphate, in solutions containing Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and NaNO<sub>3</sub>. NaNO<sub>3</sub> solutions showed higher solids recoveries for all thiol collector mixtures compared to Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> solutions, this was attributed to increased gangue entrainment in Na<sup>+</sup> compared to Ca<sup>2+</sup>. Higher Cu and Ni recoveries were observed in NaNO<sub>3</sub> solutions across all thiol collector mixtures; however, higher Cu and Ni grades were achieved in Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> solutions compared to NaNO<sub>3</sub>.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/105/1/135co-collectorsfroth flotationinorganic electrolytessulfide oreswater in flotation |
| spellingShingle | Malibongwe S. Manono Katlego M. Matibidi Iyiola O. Otunniyi Mixtures of Sodium Iso-Butyl Xanthate and Sodium Di-Ethyl Dithiophosphate on the Flotation of a Cu-Ni-PGM Ore in Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and NaNO<sub>3</sub> Proceedings co-collectors froth flotation inorganic electrolytes sulfide ores water in flotation |
| title | Mixtures of Sodium Iso-Butyl Xanthate and Sodium Di-Ethyl Dithiophosphate on the Flotation of a Cu-Ni-PGM Ore in Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and NaNO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_full | Mixtures of Sodium Iso-Butyl Xanthate and Sodium Di-Ethyl Dithiophosphate on the Flotation of a Cu-Ni-PGM Ore in Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and NaNO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_fullStr | Mixtures of Sodium Iso-Butyl Xanthate and Sodium Di-Ethyl Dithiophosphate on the Flotation of a Cu-Ni-PGM Ore in Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and NaNO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mixtures of Sodium Iso-Butyl Xanthate and Sodium Di-Ethyl Dithiophosphate on the Flotation of a Cu-Ni-PGM Ore in Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and NaNO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_short | Mixtures of Sodium Iso-Butyl Xanthate and Sodium Di-Ethyl Dithiophosphate on the Flotation of a Cu-Ni-PGM Ore in Ca(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> and NaNO<sub>3</sub> |
| title_sort | mixtures of sodium iso butyl xanthate and sodium di ethyl dithiophosphate on the flotation of a cu ni pgm ore in ca no sub 3 sub sub 2 sub and nano sub 3 sub |
| topic | co-collectors froth flotation inorganic electrolytes sulfide ores water in flotation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/105/1/135 |
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