Deep Learning-Based Daily Streamflow Prediction Model for the Hanjiang River Basin
The sharp decline in streamflow prediction accuracy with increasing lead times remains a persistent challenge for effective water resources management and flood mitigation. In this study, we developed a coupled deep learning model for daily streamflow prediction in the Hanjiang River Basin, China. T...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Hydrology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/12/7/168 |
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| author | Jianze Huang Jialang Chen Haijun Huang Xitian Cai |
| author_facet | Jianze Huang Jialang Chen Haijun Huang Xitian Cai |
| author_sort | Jianze Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The sharp decline in streamflow prediction accuracy with increasing lead times remains a persistent challenge for effective water resources management and flood mitigation. In this study, we developed a coupled deep learning model for daily streamflow prediction in the Hanjiang River Basin, China. The proposed model integrates self-attention (SA), a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM). The model’s effectiveness was assessed during flood events, and its predictive uncertainty was quantified using kernel density estimation (KDE). The results demonstrate that the proposed model consistently outperforms baseline models across all lead times. It achieved Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (<i>NSE</i>) scores of 0.92, 0.86, and 0.79 for 1-, 3-, and 5-days, respectively, showing particular strength at these extended lead time predictions. During major flood events, the model demonstrated an enhanced capacity to capture peak magnitudes and timings. It achieved the highest NSE values of 0.924, 0.862, and 0.797 for the 1-, 3-, and 5-day forecasting horizons, respectively, thereby showcasing the strengths of integrating CNN and SA mechanisms for recognizing local hydrological patterns. Furthermore, KDE-based uncertainty analysis identified a high prediction interval coverage in different forecast periods and a relatively narrow prediction interval width, indicating the strong robustness of the proposed model. Overall, the proposed SA-CNN-BiLSTM model demonstrates significantly improved accuracy, especially for extended lead times and flood events, and provides robust uncertainty quantification, thereby offering a more reliable tool for reservoir operation and flood risk management. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4733aa77a2274cb1921e596b7d64bfc5 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2306-5338 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Hydrology |
| spelling | doaj-art-4733aa77a2274cb1921e596b7d64bfc52025-08-20T03:07:58ZengMDPI AGHydrology2306-53382025-06-0112716810.3390/hydrology12070168Deep Learning-Based Daily Streamflow Prediction Model for the Hanjiang River BasinJianze Huang0Jialang Chen1Haijun Huang2Xitian Cai3School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaThe sharp decline in streamflow prediction accuracy with increasing lead times remains a persistent challenge for effective water resources management and flood mitigation. In this study, we developed a coupled deep learning model for daily streamflow prediction in the Hanjiang River Basin, China. The proposed model integrates self-attention (SA), a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM). The model’s effectiveness was assessed during flood events, and its predictive uncertainty was quantified using kernel density estimation (KDE). The results demonstrate that the proposed model consistently outperforms baseline models across all lead times. It achieved Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (<i>NSE</i>) scores of 0.92, 0.86, and 0.79 for 1-, 3-, and 5-days, respectively, showing particular strength at these extended lead time predictions. During major flood events, the model demonstrated an enhanced capacity to capture peak magnitudes and timings. It achieved the highest NSE values of 0.924, 0.862, and 0.797 for the 1-, 3-, and 5-day forecasting horizons, respectively, thereby showcasing the strengths of integrating CNN and SA mechanisms for recognizing local hydrological patterns. Furthermore, KDE-based uncertainty analysis identified a high prediction interval coverage in different forecast periods and a relatively narrow prediction interval width, indicating the strong robustness of the proposed model. Overall, the proposed SA-CNN-BiLSTM model demonstrates significantly improved accuracy, especially for extended lead times and flood events, and provides robust uncertainty quantification, thereby offering a more reliable tool for reservoir operation and flood risk management.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/12/7/168streamflow predictiondeep learninguncertainty analysis |
| spellingShingle | Jianze Huang Jialang Chen Haijun Huang Xitian Cai Deep Learning-Based Daily Streamflow Prediction Model for the Hanjiang River Basin Hydrology streamflow prediction deep learning uncertainty analysis |
| title | Deep Learning-Based Daily Streamflow Prediction Model for the Hanjiang River Basin |
| title_full | Deep Learning-Based Daily Streamflow Prediction Model for the Hanjiang River Basin |
| title_fullStr | Deep Learning-Based Daily Streamflow Prediction Model for the Hanjiang River Basin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deep Learning-Based Daily Streamflow Prediction Model for the Hanjiang River Basin |
| title_short | Deep Learning-Based Daily Streamflow Prediction Model for the Hanjiang River Basin |
| title_sort | deep learning based daily streamflow prediction model for the hanjiang river basin |
| topic | streamflow prediction deep learning uncertainty analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5338/12/7/168 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jianzehuang deeplearningbaseddailystreamflowpredictionmodelforthehanjiangriverbasin AT jialangchen deeplearningbaseddailystreamflowpredictionmodelforthehanjiangriverbasin AT haijunhuang deeplearningbaseddailystreamflowpredictionmodelforthehanjiangriverbasin AT xitiancai deeplearningbaseddailystreamflowpredictionmodelforthehanjiangriverbasin |