Protection and diagnostic interference induced by heat-inactivated, phage-inactivated and live vaccine prototypes against animal tuberculosis
IntroductionVaccination emerges as a promising cost-effective tool to reduce the impact and spread of animal tuberculosis, especially in regions where test-and-slaughter eradication strategy is socioeconomically unfeasible or unfruitful for different reasons, provided it is safe, efficacious and com...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1620497/full |
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| author | Leire Fernández-Veiga Miguel Fuertes María V. Geijo Natalia Elguezabal Jose L. Serrano-Mestre Lucía Vázquez-Iniesta Rafael Prados-Rosales Lorraine Michelet Maria Laura Boschiroli Bernat Pérez de Val Bernat Pérez de Val Gareth J. Jones Ramón A. Juste Joseba M. Garrido Iker A. Sevilla |
| author_facet | Leire Fernández-Veiga Miguel Fuertes María V. Geijo Natalia Elguezabal Jose L. Serrano-Mestre Lucía Vázquez-Iniesta Rafael Prados-Rosales Lorraine Michelet Maria Laura Boschiroli Bernat Pérez de Val Bernat Pérez de Val Gareth J. Jones Ramón A. Juste Joseba M. Garrido Iker A. Sevilla |
| author_sort | Leire Fernández-Veiga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionVaccination emerges as a promising cost-effective tool to reduce the impact and spread of animal tuberculosis, especially in regions where test-and-slaughter eradication strategy is socioeconomically unfeasible or unfruitful for different reasons, provided it is safe, efficacious and compatible with diagnosis.MethodsIn this study, we preliminarily evaluated the diagnostic interference (using guinea pigs) and the protective efficacy (using mice) of three heat-inactivated, three phage-inactivated and one live attenuated vaccine prototypes prepared from M. bovis, M. caprae, and M. microti.Results and discussionPhage-inactivation killed almost all (96.41–99.92%) bacteria to be included in vaccines and filtering was used to remove the remaining viable cells. All the assayed vaccines induced skin test reactions in response to bovine tuberculin, but they were smaller in the phage-inactivated vaccine groups. All the vaccines were diagnosis-compatible with defined skin test antigens based on ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Rv3615c. In contrast with the rest of prototypes, vaccination with heat- and phage-inactivated M. microti did not prompt the production of detectable anti-MPB70+MPB83 antibodies. Mean bacterial burden was lower in all vaccinated groups in comparison with the control, being significantly reduced in the lungs of the heat-inactivated M. microti and M. caprae and phage-inactivated M. caprae groups. Considering both diagnostic interference and protection collectively, the heat-inactivated M. microti vaccine showed the best performance. Further studies to evaluate these vaccines and to improve phage-driven inactivation are warranted. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-472ecd30b86b4f8288c9d2e00ccf2876 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-472ecd30b86b4f8288c9d2e00ccf28762025-08-20T02:40:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-07-011210.3389/fvets.2025.16204971620497Protection and diagnostic interference induced by heat-inactivated, phage-inactivated and live vaccine prototypes against animal tuberculosisLeire Fernández-Veiga0Miguel Fuertes1María V. Geijo2Natalia Elguezabal3Jose L. Serrano-Mestre4Lucía Vázquez-Iniesta5Rafael Prados-Rosales6Lorraine Michelet7Maria Laura Boschiroli8Bernat Pérez de Val9Bernat Pérez de Val10Gareth J. Jones11Ramón A. Juste12Joseba M. Garrido13Iker A. Sevilla14Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainUniversité Paris-Est, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Unité Zoonoses Bactériennes, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, FranceUniversité Paris-Est, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Unité Zoonoses Bactériennes, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, FranceIRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Catalonia, SpainUnitat mixta d'investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, SpainDepartment of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Addlestone, United KingdomDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, SpainDepartamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Bizkaia, SpainIntroductionVaccination emerges as a promising cost-effective tool to reduce the impact and spread of animal tuberculosis, especially in regions where test-and-slaughter eradication strategy is socioeconomically unfeasible or unfruitful for different reasons, provided it is safe, efficacious and compatible with diagnosis.MethodsIn this study, we preliminarily evaluated the diagnostic interference (using guinea pigs) and the protective efficacy (using mice) of three heat-inactivated, three phage-inactivated and one live attenuated vaccine prototypes prepared from M. bovis, M. caprae, and M. microti.Results and discussionPhage-inactivation killed almost all (96.41–99.92%) bacteria to be included in vaccines and filtering was used to remove the remaining viable cells. All the assayed vaccines induced skin test reactions in response to bovine tuberculin, but they were smaller in the phage-inactivated vaccine groups. All the vaccines were diagnosis-compatible with defined skin test antigens based on ESAT-6, CFP-10, and Rv3615c. In contrast with the rest of prototypes, vaccination with heat- and phage-inactivated M. microti did not prompt the production of detectable anti-MPB70+MPB83 antibodies. Mean bacterial burden was lower in all vaccinated groups in comparison with the control, being significantly reduced in the lungs of the heat-inactivated M. microti and M. caprae and phage-inactivated M. caprae groups. Considering both diagnostic interference and protection collectively, the heat-inactivated M. microti vaccine showed the best performance. Further studies to evaluate these vaccines and to improve phage-driven inactivation are warranted.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1620497/fullanimal tuberculosisvaccinediagnostic interferenceMycobacterium bovisMycobacterium capraeMycobacterium microti |
| spellingShingle | Leire Fernández-Veiga Miguel Fuertes María V. Geijo Natalia Elguezabal Jose L. Serrano-Mestre Lucía Vázquez-Iniesta Rafael Prados-Rosales Lorraine Michelet Maria Laura Boschiroli Bernat Pérez de Val Bernat Pérez de Val Gareth J. Jones Ramón A. Juste Joseba M. Garrido Iker A. Sevilla Protection and diagnostic interference induced by heat-inactivated, phage-inactivated and live vaccine prototypes against animal tuberculosis Frontiers in Veterinary Science animal tuberculosis vaccine diagnostic interference Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium caprae Mycobacterium microti |
| title | Protection and diagnostic interference induced by heat-inactivated, phage-inactivated and live vaccine prototypes against animal tuberculosis |
| title_full | Protection and diagnostic interference induced by heat-inactivated, phage-inactivated and live vaccine prototypes against animal tuberculosis |
| title_fullStr | Protection and diagnostic interference induced by heat-inactivated, phage-inactivated and live vaccine prototypes against animal tuberculosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protection and diagnostic interference induced by heat-inactivated, phage-inactivated and live vaccine prototypes against animal tuberculosis |
| title_short | Protection and diagnostic interference induced by heat-inactivated, phage-inactivated and live vaccine prototypes against animal tuberculosis |
| title_sort | protection and diagnostic interference induced by heat inactivated phage inactivated and live vaccine prototypes against animal tuberculosis |
| topic | animal tuberculosis vaccine diagnostic interference Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium caprae Mycobacterium microti |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1620497/full |
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