Anoikis classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma reveals correlation with clinical prognosis and immune characteristics

Background Anoikis is a new mode of cell death that has been shown to correlate significantly with tumors. However, the clinical prognostic significance of anoikis in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains poorly studied.Methods The differentially expressed ARGs and candidate genes were selecte...

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Main Authors: Yixin Zhai, Cheng Li, Xiang He, Wenqi Wu, Donghui Xing, Kaiping Luo, Zhigang Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Annals of Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2514944
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author Yixin Zhai
Cheng Li
Xiang He
Wenqi Wu
Donghui Xing
Kaiping Luo
Zhigang Zhao
author_facet Yixin Zhai
Cheng Li
Xiang He
Wenqi Wu
Donghui Xing
Kaiping Luo
Zhigang Zhao
author_sort Yixin Zhai
collection DOAJ
description Background Anoikis is a new mode of cell death that has been shown to correlate significantly with tumors. However, the clinical prognostic significance of anoikis in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains poorly studied.Methods The differentially expressed ARGs and candidate genes were selected by the differential analysis to construct a predictive model. Independent prognostic gene was determined by Cox and LASSO analysis and we used the HCC95 and NCI H520 cell line to verify the gene function. We used the data from TCGA, GEO, GeneCards, and Harmonizome databases to analyze the immune microenvironment, functional enrichment, and drug sensitivity analysis.Results We identified 717 differentially expressed and selected 3 ARGs (FADD, SNAI1, and BAG4) to construct a predictive model. We found that SNAI1 is an independent prognostic gene and confirmed that knocking out the SNAI1 inhibited the HCC95/NCI H520 cell proliferation. We used single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to evaluate the immune infiltration based on the 3 ARG expression levels. We constructed a risk score and provided a visual representation of the prophetic implications of the ARGs-based signature through a nomogram. We found 15 susceptible drugs in the high-risk group and 15 sensitive drugs in the low-risk group by the drug sensitivity analysis.Conclusion We used ARGs to construct a prognosis model for LUSC that can accurately predict the prognosis of LUSC patients. ARGs, especially SNAI1, play an essential role in developing LUSC. These findings could provide individualized treatment plans and new research ideas for LUSC patients.
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spelling doaj-art-47276a23064846fba4724a20e05330c32025-08-20T02:06:20ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAnnals of Medicine0785-38901365-20602025-12-0157110.1080/07853890.2025.2514944Anoikis classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma reveals correlation with clinical prognosis and immune characteristicsYixin Zhai0Cheng Li1Xiang He2Wenqi Wu3Donghui Xing4Kaiping Luo5Zhigang Zhao6Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Senior Ward, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, ChinaBackground Anoikis is a new mode of cell death that has been shown to correlate significantly with tumors. However, the clinical prognostic significance of anoikis in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains poorly studied.Methods The differentially expressed ARGs and candidate genes were selected by the differential analysis to construct a predictive model. Independent prognostic gene was determined by Cox and LASSO analysis and we used the HCC95 and NCI H520 cell line to verify the gene function. We used the data from TCGA, GEO, GeneCards, and Harmonizome databases to analyze the immune microenvironment, functional enrichment, and drug sensitivity analysis.Results We identified 717 differentially expressed and selected 3 ARGs (FADD, SNAI1, and BAG4) to construct a predictive model. We found that SNAI1 is an independent prognostic gene and confirmed that knocking out the SNAI1 inhibited the HCC95/NCI H520 cell proliferation. We used single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) to evaluate the immune infiltration based on the 3 ARG expression levels. We constructed a risk score and provided a visual representation of the prophetic implications of the ARGs-based signature through a nomogram. We found 15 susceptible drugs in the high-risk group and 15 sensitive drugs in the low-risk group by the drug sensitivity analysis.Conclusion We used ARGs to construct a prognosis model for LUSC that can accurately predict the prognosis of LUSC patients. ARGs, especially SNAI1, play an essential role in developing LUSC. These findings could provide individualized treatment plans and new research ideas for LUSC patients.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2514944Anoikis1clinical prognosis5gene expression omnibus(GEO)3immune characteristics 6lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC)2The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)4
spellingShingle Yixin Zhai
Cheng Li
Xiang He
Wenqi Wu
Donghui Xing
Kaiping Luo
Zhigang Zhao
Anoikis classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma reveals correlation with clinical prognosis and immune characteristics
Annals of Medicine
Anoikis1
clinical prognosis5
gene expression omnibus(GEO)3
immune characteristics 6
lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC)2
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)4
title Anoikis classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma reveals correlation with clinical prognosis and immune characteristics
title_full Anoikis classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma reveals correlation with clinical prognosis and immune characteristics
title_fullStr Anoikis classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma reveals correlation with clinical prognosis and immune characteristics
title_full_unstemmed Anoikis classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma reveals correlation with clinical prognosis and immune characteristics
title_short Anoikis classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma reveals correlation with clinical prognosis and immune characteristics
title_sort anoikis classification of lung squamous cell carcinoma reveals correlation with clinical prognosis and immune characteristics
topic Anoikis1
clinical prognosis5
gene expression omnibus(GEO)3
immune characteristics 6
lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC)2
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)4
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2514944
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