Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in patients with cardiogenic shock

BackgroundThere is currently a lack of easy-to-use tools for assessing the severity of cardiogenic shock (CS) patients. This study aims to develop a nomogram for evaluating severity in CS patients regardless of the underlying cause.Methods and resultsThe MIMIC-IV database was used to identify 1,923...

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Main Authors: Dingfeng Fang, Huihe Chen, Hui Geng, Xiahuan Chen, Meilin Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1538395/full
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author Dingfeng Fang
Dingfeng Fang
Huihe Chen
Hui Geng
Xiahuan Chen
Meilin Liu
author_facet Dingfeng Fang
Dingfeng Fang
Huihe Chen
Hui Geng
Xiahuan Chen
Meilin Liu
author_sort Dingfeng Fang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThere is currently a lack of easy-to-use tools for assessing the severity of cardiogenic shock (CS) patients. This study aims to develop a nomogram for evaluating severity in CS patients regardless of the underlying cause.Methods and resultsThe MIMIC-IV database was used to identify 1,923 CS patients admitted to the ICU. A multivariate Cox model was developed in the training cohort (70%) based on LASSO regression results. Factors such as age, systolic blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, blood glucose, arterial pH, arterial lactate, and norepinephrine use were incorporated into the final model. This model was visualized as a Cardiogenic Shock Survival Nomogram (CSSN) to predict 30-day survival rates. The model's c-statistic was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.73–0.77) in the training cohort and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.70–0.77) in the validation cohort, demonstrating good predictive accuracy. The AUC of the CSSN for 30-day survival probabilities was 0.76 in the training cohort and 0.73 in the validation cohort. Calibration plots showed strong concordance between predicted and actual survival rates, and decision curve analysis (DCA) affirmed the model's clinical utility. The CSSN outperformed the Cardiogenic Shock Score (CSS) in various metrics, including c-statistic, time-dependent ROC, calibration plots, and DCA (c-statistic: 0.75 vs. 0.72; AUC: 0.76 vs. 0.73, P < 0.01 by Delong test). Subgroup analysis confirmed the model's robustness across both AMI-CS and non-AMI-CS subgroups.ConclusionsThe CSSN was developed to predict 30-day survival rates in CS patients irrespective of the underlying cause, showing good performance and potential clinical utility in managing CS.
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spelling doaj-art-46e3f3cfb09e4e8d8a47723e339401262025-08-20T03:53:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2025-04-011210.3389/fcvm.2025.15383951538395Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in patients with cardiogenic shockDingfeng Fang0Dingfeng Fang1Huihe Chen2Hui Geng3Xiahuan Chen4Meilin Liu5Department of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaPeking University Health Science Center, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Sports Medicine and Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Geriatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, ChinaBackgroundThere is currently a lack of easy-to-use tools for assessing the severity of cardiogenic shock (CS) patients. This study aims to develop a nomogram for evaluating severity in CS patients regardless of the underlying cause.Methods and resultsThe MIMIC-IV database was used to identify 1,923 CS patients admitted to the ICU. A multivariate Cox model was developed in the training cohort (70%) based on LASSO regression results. Factors such as age, systolic blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, blood glucose, arterial pH, arterial lactate, and norepinephrine use were incorporated into the final model. This model was visualized as a Cardiogenic Shock Survival Nomogram (CSSN) to predict 30-day survival rates. The model's c-statistic was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.73–0.77) in the training cohort and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.70–0.77) in the validation cohort, demonstrating good predictive accuracy. The AUC of the CSSN for 30-day survival probabilities was 0.76 in the training cohort and 0.73 in the validation cohort. Calibration plots showed strong concordance between predicted and actual survival rates, and decision curve analysis (DCA) affirmed the model's clinical utility. The CSSN outperformed the Cardiogenic Shock Score (CSS) in various metrics, including c-statistic, time-dependent ROC, calibration plots, and DCA (c-statistic: 0.75 vs. 0.72; AUC: 0.76 vs. 0.73, P < 0.01 by Delong test). Subgroup analysis confirmed the model's robustness across both AMI-CS and non-AMI-CS subgroups.ConclusionsThe CSSN was developed to predict 30-day survival rates in CS patients irrespective of the underlying cause, showing good performance and potential clinical utility in managing CS.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1538395/fullnomogramsurvivalcardiogenic shockmortalitymechanical circulatory support
spellingShingle Dingfeng Fang
Dingfeng Fang
Huihe Chen
Hui Geng
Xiahuan Chen
Meilin Liu
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in patients with cardiogenic shock
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
nomogram
survival
cardiogenic shock
mortality
mechanical circulatory support
title Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in patients with cardiogenic shock
title_full Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in patients with cardiogenic shock
title_fullStr Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in patients with cardiogenic shock
title_full_unstemmed Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in patients with cardiogenic shock
title_short Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in patients with cardiogenic shock
title_sort development and validation of a nomogram for predicting survival in patients with cardiogenic shock
topic nomogram
survival
cardiogenic shock
mortality
mechanical circulatory support
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1538395/full
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