Global, regional, and national cardiovascular disease burden attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021: Findings from the GBD 2021 Study
Introduction Smoking poses a serious threat to cardiovascular health. The aim of the study is to evaluate the global, regional, and national burden of smokingattributable cardiovascular disease (CVD) and set priorities for future tobacco control. Methods Data on deaths and years lived with disabili...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
European Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Global-regional-and-national-cardiovascular-disease-burden-attributable-to-smoking,200072,0,2.html |
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| Summary: | Introduction
Smoking poses a serious threat to cardiovascular health. The aim of
the study is to evaluate the global, regional, and national burden of smokingattributable
cardiovascular disease (CVD) and set priorities for future tobacco
control.
Methods
Data on deaths and years lived with disability (YLDs) for smokingrelated
CVD from 1990 to 2021, including age-standardized rates (ASRs),
were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. This study is
a secondary descriptive analysis of the GBD 2021 data. We used the estimated
annual percentage change (EAPC) to reflect temporal trends in disease burden
and conducted a sensitivity analysis using the average annual percentage change
(AAPC) to corroborate the findings. We also analyzed the relationship between
disease burden and the Sociodemographic Index (SDI).
Results
In 2021, smoking-related CVD caused 2.25 million deaths and 3.09 million
YLDs globally, marking increases of 26.16% and 59.73% from 1990, respectively.
However, from 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR)
and age-standardized years lived with disability rate (ASYR) for smoking-related
CVDs decreased, with EAPCs of -1.94 and -0.92, respectively. Between 1990 and
2021, Australasia and Tropical Latin America experienced the largest declines in
ASMR and ASYR, with EAPCs of -5.54 and -2.63, respectively, while Lesotho
and Mali had the largest increases, with EAPCs of 2.68 and 1.67, respectively.
Throughout the period, the burden of smoking-related CVD was consistently
higher in men. Moreover, the trend of decline in disease burden was slower in
men compared to women (EAPC for ASMR: -1.78 for men vs -3.25 for women).
In 2021, countries with higher SDI also had higher ASYR.
Conclusions
Although the global burden of smoking-related CVD has declined
over the past three decades, the challenge remains severe, particularly in less
developed countries and regions. More proactive and effective tobacco control
measures should be urgently implemented in countries where the burden of
smoking-related CVD is severe. |
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| ISSN: | 1617-9625 |