Anti-Hair Loss Potential of Perilla Seed Extracts: In Vitro Molecular Insights from Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Perilla seed has long been recognized in traditional diets for its health-promoting properties, but its potential role in hair loss prevention remains underexplored. This study compared three extraction methods—maceration (MAC), screw pressing (SC), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)—to determ...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2583 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849239667781664768 |
|---|---|
| author | Anurak Muangsanguan Warintorn Ruksiriwanich Pipat Tangjaidee Korawan Sringarm Chaiwat Arjin Pornchai Rachtanapun Sarana Rose Sommano Korawit Chaisu Apinya Satsook Juan Manuel Castagnini |
| author_facet | Anurak Muangsanguan Warintorn Ruksiriwanich Pipat Tangjaidee Korawan Sringarm Chaiwat Arjin Pornchai Rachtanapun Sarana Rose Sommano Korawit Chaisu Apinya Satsook Juan Manuel Castagnini |
| author_sort | Anurak Muangsanguan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Perilla seed has long been recognized in traditional diets for its health-promoting properties, but its potential role in hair loss prevention remains underexplored. This study compared three extraction methods—maceration (MAC), screw pressing (SC), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)—to determine their efficiency in recovering bioactive compounds and their effects on androgenetic alopecia (AGA)-related pathways. The SFE extract contained the highest levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols, while MAC uniquely recovered a broader range of polyphenols. Among all extracts, SFE-derived perilla seed extract showed the most consistent biological effects, promoting proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) by 139.4 ± 1.1% at 72 h (<i>p</i> < 0.05). It also reduced TBARS and nitrite levels in HFDPCs to 66.75 ± 0.62% of control and 0.87 ± 0.01 μM, respectively, indicating strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Importantly, the SFE extract significantly downregulated <i>SRD5A1-3</i> and <i>TGF-β1</i> expression—key genes involved in androgen-mediated hair follicle regression—outperforming finasteride, dutasteride, and minoxidil in vitro by approximately 1.10-fold, 1.25-fold, and 1.50-fold, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings suggest that perilla seed extract obtained via supercritical fluid extraction may offer potential as a natural candidate to prevent hair loss through multiple biological mechanisms. These in vitro results support its further investigation for potential application in functional food or nutraceutical development targeting scalp and hair health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-469a50fe52274e929b8f0a6beeebafc4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-469a50fe52274e929b8f0a6beeebafc42025-08-20T04:00:53ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-07-011415258310.3390/foods14152583Anti-Hair Loss Potential of Perilla Seed Extracts: In Vitro Molecular Insights from Supercritical Fluid ExtractionAnurak Muangsanguan0Warintorn Ruksiriwanich1Pipat Tangjaidee2Korawan Sringarm3Chaiwat Arjin4Pornchai Rachtanapun5Sarana Rose Sommano6Korawit Chaisu7Apinya Satsook8Juan Manuel Castagnini9Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandCluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandCluster of Valorization and Bio-Green Transformation for Translation Research Innovation of Raw Materials and Products, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandCluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandCluster of Valorization and Bio-Green Transformation for Translation Research Innovation of Raw Materials and Products, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandFaculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, ThailandOffice of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandResearch Group in Innovative Technologies for Sustainable Food (ALISOST), Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avenida Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, SpainPerilla seed has long been recognized in traditional diets for its health-promoting properties, but its potential role in hair loss prevention remains underexplored. This study compared three extraction methods—maceration (MAC), screw pressing (SC), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)—to determine their efficiency in recovering bioactive compounds and their effects on androgenetic alopecia (AGA)-related pathways. The SFE extract contained the highest levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols, while MAC uniquely recovered a broader range of polyphenols. Among all extracts, SFE-derived perilla seed extract showed the most consistent biological effects, promoting proliferation of human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) by 139.4 ± 1.1% at 72 h (<i>p</i> < 0.05). It also reduced TBARS and nitrite levels in HFDPCs to 66.75 ± 0.62% of control and 0.87 ± 0.01 μM, respectively, indicating strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Importantly, the SFE extract significantly downregulated <i>SRD5A1-3</i> and <i>TGF-β1</i> expression—key genes involved in androgen-mediated hair follicle regression—outperforming finasteride, dutasteride, and minoxidil in vitro by approximately 1.10-fold, 1.25-fold, and 1.50-fold, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings suggest that perilla seed extract obtained via supercritical fluid extraction may offer potential as a natural candidate to prevent hair loss through multiple biological mechanisms. These in vitro results support its further investigation for potential application in functional food or nutraceutical development targeting scalp and hair health.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/25835α-reductase inhibition<i>Perilla frutescens</i> (L.) Britt.androgenetic alopeciamacerationscrew extractiontransforming growth factor-beta |
| spellingShingle | Anurak Muangsanguan Warintorn Ruksiriwanich Pipat Tangjaidee Korawan Sringarm Chaiwat Arjin Pornchai Rachtanapun Sarana Rose Sommano Korawit Chaisu Apinya Satsook Juan Manuel Castagnini Anti-Hair Loss Potential of Perilla Seed Extracts: In Vitro Molecular Insights from Supercritical Fluid Extraction Foods 5α-reductase inhibition <i>Perilla frutescens</i> (L.) Britt. androgenetic alopecia maceration screw extraction transforming growth factor-beta |
| title | Anti-Hair Loss Potential of Perilla Seed Extracts: In Vitro Molecular Insights from Supercritical Fluid Extraction |
| title_full | Anti-Hair Loss Potential of Perilla Seed Extracts: In Vitro Molecular Insights from Supercritical Fluid Extraction |
| title_fullStr | Anti-Hair Loss Potential of Perilla Seed Extracts: In Vitro Molecular Insights from Supercritical Fluid Extraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anti-Hair Loss Potential of Perilla Seed Extracts: In Vitro Molecular Insights from Supercritical Fluid Extraction |
| title_short | Anti-Hair Loss Potential of Perilla Seed Extracts: In Vitro Molecular Insights from Supercritical Fluid Extraction |
| title_sort | anti hair loss potential of perilla seed extracts in vitro molecular insights from supercritical fluid extraction |
| topic | 5α-reductase inhibition <i>Perilla frutescens</i> (L.) Britt. androgenetic alopecia maceration screw extraction transforming growth factor-beta |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/15/2583 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anurakmuangsanguan antihairlosspotentialofperillaseedextractsinvitromolecularinsightsfromsupercriticalfluidextraction AT warintornruksiriwanich antihairlosspotentialofperillaseedextractsinvitromolecularinsightsfromsupercriticalfluidextraction AT pipattangjaidee antihairlosspotentialofperillaseedextractsinvitromolecularinsightsfromsupercriticalfluidextraction AT korawansringarm antihairlosspotentialofperillaseedextractsinvitromolecularinsightsfromsupercriticalfluidextraction AT chaiwatarjin antihairlosspotentialofperillaseedextractsinvitromolecularinsightsfromsupercriticalfluidextraction AT pornchairachtanapun antihairlosspotentialofperillaseedextractsinvitromolecularinsightsfromsupercriticalfluidextraction AT saranarosesommano antihairlosspotentialofperillaseedextractsinvitromolecularinsightsfromsupercriticalfluidextraction AT korawitchaisu antihairlosspotentialofperillaseedextractsinvitromolecularinsightsfromsupercriticalfluidextraction AT apinyasatsook antihairlosspotentialofperillaseedextractsinvitromolecularinsightsfromsupercriticalfluidextraction AT juanmanuelcastagnini antihairlosspotentialofperillaseedextractsinvitromolecularinsightsfromsupercriticalfluidextraction |