Manufacturing Process Development for <i>Bison bison</i> Organ-Specific Lyophilized Extracts: Formulation and Benchmarking of Antioxidant Activities for Nutraceutical Preparations

Lyophilized organ extracts from livestock such as beef or elk are widely commercially proposed as animal-sourced nutraceuticals. Such preparations contain blends of vitamins and nutrients that may be employed for general or specific dietary supplementation. The first objective of this study was to d...

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Main Authors: Alexandre Porcello, Kim Girardet, Basste Hadjab, Kelly Lourenço, Corinne Scaletta, Philippe Abdel-Sayed, Nathalie Hirt-Burri, Lee Ann Applegate, Alexis E. Laurent
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Nutraceuticals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1661-3821/5/1/6
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author Alexandre Porcello
Kim Girardet
Basste Hadjab
Kelly Lourenço
Corinne Scaletta
Philippe Abdel-Sayed
Nathalie Hirt-Burri
Lee Ann Applegate
Alexis E. Laurent
author_facet Alexandre Porcello
Kim Girardet
Basste Hadjab
Kelly Lourenço
Corinne Scaletta
Philippe Abdel-Sayed
Nathalie Hirt-Burri
Lee Ann Applegate
Alexis E. Laurent
author_sort Alexandre Porcello
collection DOAJ
description Lyophilized organ extracts from livestock such as beef or elk are widely commercially proposed as animal-sourced nutraceuticals. Such preparations contain blends of vitamins and nutrients that may be employed for general or specific dietary supplementation. The first objective of this study was to develop an optimized and function-oriented manufacturing process for stabilized organ-specific extracts of American buffalo (<i>Bison bison</i>). The second objective of the study was to perform functional benchmarking of the obtained stabilized extracts by focusing on antioxidant attributes, which are key properties of nutraceuticals. Methodologically, a two-step lyophilization process, hard-shell capsule formulation, and process quality control elements were adapted from pharmaceutical technology practices. Stabilized extracts (300 mg capsules) were derived from the spleen, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, and thymus of grass-fed and grass-finished American bison (born and raised in a tempered climate in Geneva, Switzerland). Functional benchmarking of the obtained extracts was performed using orthogonal methods of antioxidant activity determination (TEAC, FRAP, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> challenge assays). Firstly, the developed biomass transformation process enabled the considered organs to be effectively stabilized while reaching the desired quality attributes. Secondly, functional characterization of the formulated extracts revealed significant and organ-specific antioxidant attributes, wherein liver-derived materials were found to be the most potent. Thirdly, key quality and functional parameters (residual moisture levels and TEAC) were found to be stable over 12 months of storage following extract preparation. Overall, the present study provides an evidence-based technical/functional rationale for the preparation and control of American bison organ-specific lyophilized extracts to be included in nutraceutical preparations.
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spelling doaj-art-469693e43eb34a90afc6bf5fdba05b4e2025-08-20T03:43:14ZengMDPI AGNutraceuticals1661-38212025-02-0151610.3390/nutraceuticals5010006Manufacturing Process Development for <i>Bison bison</i> Organ-Specific Lyophilized Extracts: Formulation and Benchmarking of Antioxidant Activities for Nutraceutical PreparationsAlexandre Porcello0Kim Girardet1Basste Hadjab2Kelly Lourenço3Corinne Scaletta4Philippe Abdel-Sayed5Nathalie Hirt-Burri6Lee Ann Applegate7Alexis E. Laurent8Development Department, LOUNA REGENERATIVE SA, CH-1207 Geneva, SwitzerlandLivestock Department, Greenstone Farm, CH-1239 Collex-Bossy, SwitzerlandIndependent Consultant Office, F-74330 Poisy, FranceDevelopment Department, LOUNA REGENERATIVE SA, CH-1207 Geneva, SwitzerlandRegenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, SwitzerlandRegenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, SwitzerlandRegenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, SwitzerlandRegenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, SwitzerlandRegenerative Therapy Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, SwitzerlandLyophilized organ extracts from livestock such as beef or elk are widely commercially proposed as animal-sourced nutraceuticals. Such preparations contain blends of vitamins and nutrients that may be employed for general or specific dietary supplementation. The first objective of this study was to develop an optimized and function-oriented manufacturing process for stabilized organ-specific extracts of American buffalo (<i>Bison bison</i>). The second objective of the study was to perform functional benchmarking of the obtained stabilized extracts by focusing on antioxidant attributes, which are key properties of nutraceuticals. Methodologically, a two-step lyophilization process, hard-shell capsule formulation, and process quality control elements were adapted from pharmaceutical technology practices. Stabilized extracts (300 mg capsules) were derived from the spleen, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs, and thymus of grass-fed and grass-finished American bison (born and raised in a tempered climate in Geneva, Switzerland). Functional benchmarking of the obtained extracts was performed using orthogonal methods of antioxidant activity determination (TEAC, FRAP, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> challenge assays). Firstly, the developed biomass transformation process enabled the considered organs to be effectively stabilized while reaching the desired quality attributes. Secondly, functional characterization of the formulated extracts revealed significant and organ-specific antioxidant attributes, wherein liver-derived materials were found to be the most potent. Thirdly, key quality and functional parameters (residual moisture levels and TEAC) were found to be stable over 12 months of storage following extract preparation. Overall, the present study provides an evidence-based technical/functional rationale for the preparation and control of American bison organ-specific lyophilized extracts to be included in nutraceutical preparations.https://www.mdpi.com/1661-3821/5/1/6American bisonantioxidantsbuffaloextractsliverlyophilization
spellingShingle Alexandre Porcello
Kim Girardet
Basste Hadjab
Kelly Lourenço
Corinne Scaletta
Philippe Abdel-Sayed
Nathalie Hirt-Burri
Lee Ann Applegate
Alexis E. Laurent
Manufacturing Process Development for <i>Bison bison</i> Organ-Specific Lyophilized Extracts: Formulation and Benchmarking of Antioxidant Activities for Nutraceutical Preparations
Nutraceuticals
American bison
antioxidants
buffalo
extracts
liver
lyophilization
title Manufacturing Process Development for <i>Bison bison</i> Organ-Specific Lyophilized Extracts: Formulation and Benchmarking of Antioxidant Activities for Nutraceutical Preparations
title_full Manufacturing Process Development for <i>Bison bison</i> Organ-Specific Lyophilized Extracts: Formulation and Benchmarking of Antioxidant Activities for Nutraceutical Preparations
title_fullStr Manufacturing Process Development for <i>Bison bison</i> Organ-Specific Lyophilized Extracts: Formulation and Benchmarking of Antioxidant Activities for Nutraceutical Preparations
title_full_unstemmed Manufacturing Process Development for <i>Bison bison</i> Organ-Specific Lyophilized Extracts: Formulation and Benchmarking of Antioxidant Activities for Nutraceutical Preparations
title_short Manufacturing Process Development for <i>Bison bison</i> Organ-Specific Lyophilized Extracts: Formulation and Benchmarking of Antioxidant Activities for Nutraceutical Preparations
title_sort manufacturing process development for i bison bison i organ specific lyophilized extracts formulation and benchmarking of antioxidant activities for nutraceutical preparations
topic American bison
antioxidants
buffalo
extracts
liver
lyophilization
url https://www.mdpi.com/1661-3821/5/1/6
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