A Comprehensive Review of Unobtrusive Biosensing in Intelligent Vehicles: Sensors, Algorithms, and Integration Challenges

Unobtrusive in-vehicle measurement and the monitoring of physiological signals have recently attracted researchers in industry and academia as an innovative approach that can provide valuable information about drivers’ health and status. The main goal is to reduce the number of traffic accidents cau...

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Main Authors: Shiva Maleki Varnosfaderani, Mohd. Rizwan Shaikh, Mohamad Forouzanfar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Bioengineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/6/669
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author Shiva Maleki Varnosfaderani
Mohd. Rizwan Shaikh
Mohamad Forouzanfar
author_facet Shiva Maleki Varnosfaderani
Mohd. Rizwan Shaikh
Mohamad Forouzanfar
author_sort Shiva Maleki Varnosfaderani
collection DOAJ
description Unobtrusive in-vehicle measurement and the monitoring of physiological signals have recently attracted researchers in industry and academia as an innovative approach that can provide valuable information about drivers’ health and status. The main goal is to reduce the number of traffic accidents caused by driver errors by monitoring various physiological parameters and devising appropriate actions to alert the driver or to take control of the vehicle. The research on this topic is in its early stages. While there have been several publications on this topic and industrial prototypes made by car manufacturers, a comprehensive and critical review of the current trends and future directions is missing. This review examines the current research and findings in in-vehicle physiological monitoring and suggests future directions and potential uses. Various physiological sensors, their potential locations, and the results they produce are demonstrated. The main challenges of in-vehicle biosensing, including unobtrusive sensing, vehicle vibration and driver movement cancellation, and privacy management, are discussed, and possible solutions are presented. The paper also reviews the current in-vehicle biosensing prototypes built by car manufacturers and other researchers. The reviewed methods and presented directions provide valuable insights into robust and accurate biosensing within vehicles for researchers in the field.
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spelling doaj-art-468992e01f7b44e49424073ff36a5dcc2025-08-20T03:26:15ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542025-06-0112666910.3390/bioengineering12060669A Comprehensive Review of Unobtrusive Biosensing in Intelligent Vehicles: Sensors, Algorithms, and Integration ChallengesShiva Maleki Varnosfaderani0Mohd. Rizwan Shaikh1Mohamad Forouzanfar2Electrical Engineering Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USAÉcole de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université du Québec, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, CanadaÉcole de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Université du Québec, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, CanadaUnobtrusive in-vehicle measurement and the monitoring of physiological signals have recently attracted researchers in industry and academia as an innovative approach that can provide valuable information about drivers’ health and status. The main goal is to reduce the number of traffic accidents caused by driver errors by monitoring various physiological parameters and devising appropriate actions to alert the driver or to take control of the vehicle. The research on this topic is in its early stages. While there have been several publications on this topic and industrial prototypes made by car manufacturers, a comprehensive and critical review of the current trends and future directions is missing. This review examines the current research and findings in in-vehicle physiological monitoring and suggests future directions and potential uses. Various physiological sensors, their potential locations, and the results they produce are demonstrated. The main challenges of in-vehicle biosensing, including unobtrusive sensing, vehicle vibration and driver movement cancellation, and privacy management, are discussed, and possible solutions are presented. The paper also reviews the current in-vehicle biosensing prototypes built by car manufacturers and other researchers. The reviewed methods and presented directions provide valuable insights into robust and accurate biosensing within vehicles for researchers in the field.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/6/669driver safety enhancementin-vehicle physiological monitoringunobtrusive biosensing
spellingShingle Shiva Maleki Varnosfaderani
Mohd. Rizwan Shaikh
Mohamad Forouzanfar
A Comprehensive Review of Unobtrusive Biosensing in Intelligent Vehicles: Sensors, Algorithms, and Integration Challenges
Bioengineering
driver safety enhancement
in-vehicle physiological monitoring
unobtrusive biosensing
title A Comprehensive Review of Unobtrusive Biosensing in Intelligent Vehicles: Sensors, Algorithms, and Integration Challenges
title_full A Comprehensive Review of Unobtrusive Biosensing in Intelligent Vehicles: Sensors, Algorithms, and Integration Challenges
title_fullStr A Comprehensive Review of Unobtrusive Biosensing in Intelligent Vehicles: Sensors, Algorithms, and Integration Challenges
title_full_unstemmed A Comprehensive Review of Unobtrusive Biosensing in Intelligent Vehicles: Sensors, Algorithms, and Integration Challenges
title_short A Comprehensive Review of Unobtrusive Biosensing in Intelligent Vehicles: Sensors, Algorithms, and Integration Challenges
title_sort comprehensive review of unobtrusive biosensing in intelligent vehicles sensors algorithms and integration challenges
topic driver safety enhancement
in-vehicle physiological monitoring
unobtrusive biosensing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/6/669
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