A unified ensemble soil moisture dataset across the continental United States

Abstract A unified ensemble soil moisture (SM) package has been developed over the Continental United States (CONUS). The data package includes 19 products from land surface models, remote sensing, reanalysis, and machine learning models. All datasets are unified to a 0.25-degree and monthly spatiot...

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Main Authors: Lingcheng Li, Xinming Lin, Yilin Fang, Z. Jason Hou, L. Ruby Leung, Yaoping Wang, Jiafu Mao, Yaping Xu, Elias Massoud, Mingjie Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Data
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04657-x
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author Lingcheng Li
Xinming Lin
Yilin Fang
Z. Jason Hou
L. Ruby Leung
Yaoping Wang
Jiafu Mao
Yaping Xu
Elias Massoud
Mingjie Shi
author_facet Lingcheng Li
Xinming Lin
Yilin Fang
Z. Jason Hou
L. Ruby Leung
Yaoping Wang
Jiafu Mao
Yaping Xu
Elias Massoud
Mingjie Shi
author_sort Lingcheng Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A unified ensemble soil moisture (SM) package has been developed over the Continental United States (CONUS). The data package includes 19 products from land surface models, remote sensing, reanalysis, and machine learning models. All datasets are unified to a 0.25-degree and monthly spatiotemporal resolution, providing a comprehensive view of surface SM dynamics. The statistical analysis of the datasets leverages the Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification to explore surface SM’s spatiotemporal variabilities. The extracted SM characteristics highlight distinct patterns, with the western CONUS showing larger coefficient of variation values and the eastern CONUS exhibiting higher SM values. Remote sensing datasets tend to be drier, while reanalysis products present wetter conditions. In-situ SM observations serve as the basis for wavelet power spectrum analyses to explain discrepancies in temporal scales across datasets facilitating daily SM records. This study provides a comprehensive soil moisture data package and an analysis framework that can be used for Earth system model evaluations and uncertainty quantification, quantifying drought impacts and land–atmosphere interactions and making recommendations for drought response planning.
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id doaj-art-4685a9f417fe411cb0c4a0eb4172dbb2
institution OA Journals
issn 2052-4463
language English
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series Scientific Data
spelling doaj-art-4685a9f417fe411cb0c4a0eb4172dbb22025-08-20T02:08:08ZengNature PortfolioScientific Data2052-44632025-04-0112111410.1038/s41597-025-04657-xA unified ensemble soil moisture dataset across the continental United StatesLingcheng Li0Xinming Lin1Yilin Fang2Z. Jason Hou3L. Ruby Leung4Yaoping Wang5Jiafu Mao6Yaping Xu7Elias Massoud8Mingjie Shi9Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryPacific Northwest National LaboratoryPacific Northwest National LaboratoryPacific Northwest National LaboratoryPacific Northwest National LaboratoryEnvironmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryEnvironmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryDepartment of Environmental and Geosciences, Sam Houston State UniversityIntegrated Computational Earth Sciences group, Oak Ridge National LaboratoryPacific Northwest National LaboratoryAbstract A unified ensemble soil moisture (SM) package has been developed over the Continental United States (CONUS). The data package includes 19 products from land surface models, remote sensing, reanalysis, and machine learning models. All datasets are unified to a 0.25-degree and monthly spatiotemporal resolution, providing a comprehensive view of surface SM dynamics. The statistical analysis of the datasets leverages the Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification to explore surface SM’s spatiotemporal variabilities. The extracted SM characteristics highlight distinct patterns, with the western CONUS showing larger coefficient of variation values and the eastern CONUS exhibiting higher SM values. Remote sensing datasets tend to be drier, while reanalysis products present wetter conditions. In-situ SM observations serve as the basis for wavelet power spectrum analyses to explain discrepancies in temporal scales across datasets facilitating daily SM records. This study provides a comprehensive soil moisture data package and an analysis framework that can be used for Earth system model evaluations and uncertainty quantification, quantifying drought impacts and land–atmosphere interactions and making recommendations for drought response planning.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04657-x
spellingShingle Lingcheng Li
Xinming Lin
Yilin Fang
Z. Jason Hou
L. Ruby Leung
Yaoping Wang
Jiafu Mao
Yaping Xu
Elias Massoud
Mingjie Shi
A unified ensemble soil moisture dataset across the continental United States
Scientific Data
title A unified ensemble soil moisture dataset across the continental United States
title_full A unified ensemble soil moisture dataset across the continental United States
title_fullStr A unified ensemble soil moisture dataset across the continental United States
title_full_unstemmed A unified ensemble soil moisture dataset across the continental United States
title_short A unified ensemble soil moisture dataset across the continental United States
title_sort unified ensemble soil moisture dataset across the continental united states
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04657-x
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