Solitons unveilings and modulation instability analysis for sixth-order coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations in fiber bragg gratings

This work investigated analytical solutions for a coupled system of nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equations in fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), characterized by sixth-order dispersion and a combination of Kerr and parabolic nonlocal nonlinear refractive indices. Chromatic dispersion, which restricts w...

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Main Authors: Noha M. Kamel, Hamdy M. Ahmed, Wafaa B. Rabie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIMS Press 2025-03-01
Series:AIMS Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/math.2025318
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author Noha M. Kamel
Hamdy M. Ahmed
Wafaa B. Rabie
author_facet Noha M. Kamel
Hamdy M. Ahmed
Wafaa B. Rabie
author_sort Noha M. Kamel
collection DOAJ
description This work investigated analytical solutions for a coupled system of nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equations in fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), characterized by sixth-order dispersion and a combination of Kerr and parabolic nonlocal nonlinear refractive indices. Chromatic dispersion, which restricts wave propagation in standard optical fibers, was effectively compensated using FBGs, making them indispensable in modern optical networks. In this study, the modified Sardar sub-equation technique (MSSE) was applied to the system for the first time. This method was chosen for its advantages, including low computational cost, high consistency, and simplicity in calculations. The novelty of this work lied in the derivation of new analytical solutions, such as exponential, singular periodic, hyperbolic, and rational solutions, which have not been previously reported in the literature. Additionally, bright gap solitons and singular gap solitons, previously studied, were also obtained. All solutions were rigorously verified by direct substitution into the system. Another significant contribution of this work was the derivation of modulation instability (MI) analysis using linear stability analysis. For the first time in the literature, an analytical expression for the MI gain spectrum was derived. This gain spectrum depended on key parameters such as normalized power, perturbation wave number, dispersion coefficients, phase modulation coefficients, and nonlinearity coefficients. The study also included 2D and 3D graphical representations of selected exact solutions, with parameters chosen to satisfy specific limiting conditions, as well as visual illustrations of the MI gain spectrum. The solutions derived in this work have profound implications for optical communication systems. Exponential and hyperbolic solutions can model pulse propagation in FBGs with high accuracy, enabling better design of dispersion-compensating devices and improving signal integrity over long distances. Singular periodic and rational solutions provided insights into the behavior of nonlinear waves in FBGs, which can be exploited for advanced signal processing applications, such as pulse shaping and wavelength conversion. Bright and singular-gap solitons were crucial for maintaining stable signal transmission in FBG-based systems, particularly in high-power scenarios where nonlinear effects were significant. The MI analysis further enhanced the practical relevance of this work. By understanding the conditions under which MI occured, engineers can design FBG systems that minimize signal degradation and optimize performance. The MI gain spectrum provided a tool to predict and control instability, ensuring robust and efficient optical communication networks. This work not only advanced the theoretical understanding of nonlinear wave dynamics in FBGs but also offered practical tools and solutions for improving optical communication systems. The derived solutions and MI analysis have direct applications in enhancing signal stability, dispersion management, and overall system performance, making this research highly relevant to the field of photonics and optical engineering.
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spelling doaj-art-46812a9ac47d4eb49fd786df5e8ca7d72025-08-20T02:08:20ZengAIMS PressAIMS Mathematics2473-69882025-03-011036952698010.3934/math.2025318Solitons unveilings and modulation instability analysis for sixth-order coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations in fiber bragg gratingsNoha M. Kamel0Hamdy M. Ahmed1Wafaa B. Rabie2Department of Physics and Engineering Mathematics, Faculty of engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Physics and Engineering Mathematics, Higher Institute of Engineering, El Shorouk Academy, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Menoufia, EgyptThis work investigated analytical solutions for a coupled system of nonlinear perturbed Schrödinger equations in fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), characterized by sixth-order dispersion and a combination of Kerr and parabolic nonlocal nonlinear refractive indices. Chromatic dispersion, which restricts wave propagation in standard optical fibers, was effectively compensated using FBGs, making them indispensable in modern optical networks. In this study, the modified Sardar sub-equation technique (MSSE) was applied to the system for the first time. This method was chosen for its advantages, including low computational cost, high consistency, and simplicity in calculations. The novelty of this work lied in the derivation of new analytical solutions, such as exponential, singular periodic, hyperbolic, and rational solutions, which have not been previously reported in the literature. Additionally, bright gap solitons and singular gap solitons, previously studied, were also obtained. All solutions were rigorously verified by direct substitution into the system. Another significant contribution of this work was the derivation of modulation instability (MI) analysis using linear stability analysis. For the first time in the literature, an analytical expression for the MI gain spectrum was derived. This gain spectrum depended on key parameters such as normalized power, perturbation wave number, dispersion coefficients, phase modulation coefficients, and nonlinearity coefficients. The study also included 2D and 3D graphical representations of selected exact solutions, with parameters chosen to satisfy specific limiting conditions, as well as visual illustrations of the MI gain spectrum. The solutions derived in this work have profound implications for optical communication systems. Exponential and hyperbolic solutions can model pulse propagation in FBGs with high accuracy, enabling better design of dispersion-compensating devices and improving signal integrity over long distances. Singular periodic and rational solutions provided insights into the behavior of nonlinear waves in FBGs, which can be exploited for advanced signal processing applications, such as pulse shaping and wavelength conversion. Bright and singular-gap solitons were crucial for maintaining stable signal transmission in FBG-based systems, particularly in high-power scenarios where nonlinear effects were significant. The MI analysis further enhanced the practical relevance of this work. By understanding the conditions under which MI occured, engineers can design FBG systems that minimize signal degradation and optimize performance. The MI gain spectrum provided a tool to predict and control instability, ensuring robust and efficient optical communication networks. This work not only advanced the theoretical understanding of nonlinear wave dynamics in FBGs but also offered practical tools and solutions for improving optical communication systems. The derived solutions and MI analysis have direct applications in enhancing signal stability, dispersion management, and overall system performance, making this research highly relevant to the field of photonics and optical engineering.https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/math.2025318perturbed nonlinear schrödinger equationsfiber bragg gratingsmodulation instability analysiskerr nonlinearitygap solitons
spellingShingle Noha M. Kamel
Hamdy M. Ahmed
Wafaa B. Rabie
Solitons unveilings and modulation instability analysis for sixth-order coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations in fiber bragg gratings
AIMS Mathematics
perturbed nonlinear schrödinger equations
fiber bragg gratings
modulation instability analysis
kerr nonlinearity
gap solitons
title Solitons unveilings and modulation instability analysis for sixth-order coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations in fiber bragg gratings
title_full Solitons unveilings and modulation instability analysis for sixth-order coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations in fiber bragg gratings
title_fullStr Solitons unveilings and modulation instability analysis for sixth-order coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations in fiber bragg gratings
title_full_unstemmed Solitons unveilings and modulation instability analysis for sixth-order coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations in fiber bragg gratings
title_short Solitons unveilings and modulation instability analysis for sixth-order coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations in fiber bragg gratings
title_sort solitons unveilings and modulation instability analysis for sixth order coupled nonlinear schrodinger equations in fiber bragg gratings
topic perturbed nonlinear schrödinger equations
fiber bragg gratings
modulation instability analysis
kerr nonlinearity
gap solitons
url https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/math.2025318
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AT hamdymahmed solitonsunveilingsandmodulationinstabilityanalysisforsixthordercouplednonlinearschrodingerequationsinfiberbragggratings
AT wafaabrabie solitonsunveilingsandmodulationinstabilityanalysisforsixthordercouplednonlinearschrodingerequationsinfiberbragggratings