Heavy metal bioaccumulation in sediments and mussels along the moroccan mediterranean coast: A spatial assessment

Due to its strategic location and rapid development, the Moroccan Mediterranean coast is particularly vulnerable to trace metal contamination. This study examines the spatial distribution of selected heavy metals in surface marine sediments and in the tissues of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis,...

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Main Authors: Mustapha El Boudammoussi, Yahya El Hammoudani, Khadija Haboubi, Abdelhak Bourjila, Iliass Achoukhi, Said Bouhaj, Achraf EL kasmi, Hammadi El Farissi, Fouad Dimane
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Environmental Challenges
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010025001143
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author Mustapha El Boudammoussi
Yahya El Hammoudani
Khadija Haboubi
Abdelhak Bourjila
Iliass Achoukhi
Said Bouhaj
Achraf EL kasmi
Hammadi El Farissi
Fouad Dimane
author_facet Mustapha El Boudammoussi
Yahya El Hammoudani
Khadija Haboubi
Abdelhak Bourjila
Iliass Achoukhi
Said Bouhaj
Achraf EL kasmi
Hammadi El Farissi
Fouad Dimane
author_sort Mustapha El Boudammoussi
collection DOAJ
description Due to its strategic location and rapid development, the Moroccan Mediterranean coast is particularly vulnerable to trace metal contamination. This study examines the spatial distribution of selected heavy metals in surface marine sediments and in the tissues of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, a species widely consumed by humans and other animals, from six strategically chosen coastal stations. Sediment and mussel samples were collected and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (Varian AA 20 AAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES 720-ES), respectively. In sediments, the metal concentrations decreased in the following order: Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Fe > Cd, with chromium reaching a maximum concentration of 45 mg/kg at the most contaminated site. In mussel tissues, the sequence was Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd > Pb, with iron concentrations peaking at 524 mg/kg. Pearson correlation analysis revealed moderate relationships between metal concentrations in sediments and mussels for most elements, except for Fe and Zn, while multiple regression analysis indicated that cadmium levels in sediments significantly influenced Cd bioaccumulation in mussels. Although our enrichment factor analysis suggests relative anthropogenic input, the overall metal loads remain low—a result likely attributable to the sandy nature of the sediments and active hydrodynamics that limit material retention. Collectively, these findings provide critical baseline data on metal bioavailability in this dynamic coastal system and have important implications for ecological risk assessment and food safety management in the region.
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spelling doaj-art-467a42a4a08643c18f34342ce658db082025-08-20T03:55:17ZengElsevierEnvironmental Challenges2667-01002025-09-012010119510.1016/j.envc.2025.101195Heavy metal bioaccumulation in sediments and mussels along the moroccan mediterranean coast: A spatial assessmentMustapha El Boudammoussi0Yahya El Hammoudani1Khadija Haboubi2Abdelhak Bourjila3Iliass Achoukhi4Said Bouhaj5Achraf EL kasmi6Hammadi El Farissi7Fouad Dimane8National School of Applied Sciences of Al-Hoceima, Department of Energy and Environmental Civil Engineering / Engineering Sciences and Applications Laboratory / Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, MoroccoNational School of Applied Sciences of Al-Hoceima, Department of Energy and Environmental Civil Engineering / Engineering Sciences and Applications Laboratory / Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, Morocco; Corresponding author.National School of Applied Sciences of Al-Hoceima, Department of Energy and Environmental Civil Engineering / Engineering Sciences and Applications Laboratory / Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, MoroccoNational School of Applied Sciences of Al-Hoceima, Department of Energy and Environmental Civil Engineering / Engineering Sciences and Applications Laboratory / Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, MoroccoNational School of Applied Sciences of Al-Hoceima, Department of Energy and Environmental Civil Engineering / Engineering Sciences and Applications Laboratory / Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, MoroccoLaboratoire de Recherche en Stratégie et Management des Organisations (LASMO) - National School of Business and Management Settat, MoroccoNational School of Applied Sciences of Al-Hoceima, Department of Energy and Environmental Civil Engineering / Engineering Sciences and Applications Laboratory / Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, MoroccoChemical Engineering for Resources Valorization Group -UAE/L01FST, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, MoroccoNational School of Applied Sciences of Al-Hoceima, Department of Energy and Environmental Civil Engineering / Engineering Sciences and Applications Laboratory / Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan, MoroccoDue to its strategic location and rapid development, the Moroccan Mediterranean coast is particularly vulnerable to trace metal contamination. This study examines the spatial distribution of selected heavy metals in surface marine sediments and in the tissues of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, a species widely consumed by humans and other animals, from six strategically chosen coastal stations. Sediment and mussel samples were collected and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (Varian AA 20 AAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES 720-ES), respectively. In sediments, the metal concentrations decreased in the following order: Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Fe > Cd, with chromium reaching a maximum concentration of 45 mg/kg at the most contaminated site. In mussel tissues, the sequence was Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd > Pb, with iron concentrations peaking at 524 mg/kg. Pearson correlation analysis revealed moderate relationships between metal concentrations in sediments and mussels for most elements, except for Fe and Zn, while multiple regression analysis indicated that cadmium levels in sediments significantly influenced Cd bioaccumulation in mussels. Although our enrichment factor analysis suggests relative anthropogenic input, the overall metal loads remain low—a result likely attributable to the sandy nature of the sediments and active hydrodynamics that limit material retention. Collectively, these findings provide critical baseline data on metal bioavailability in this dynamic coastal system and have important implications for ecological risk assessment and food safety management in the region.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010025001143ContaminationCorrelationsM. galloprovincialisSurface coastal sedimentsToxicityHeavy Metals
spellingShingle Mustapha El Boudammoussi
Yahya El Hammoudani
Khadija Haboubi
Abdelhak Bourjila
Iliass Achoukhi
Said Bouhaj
Achraf EL kasmi
Hammadi El Farissi
Fouad Dimane
Heavy metal bioaccumulation in sediments and mussels along the moroccan mediterranean coast: A spatial assessment
Environmental Challenges
Contamination
Correlations
M. galloprovincialis
Surface coastal sediments
Toxicity
Heavy Metals
title Heavy metal bioaccumulation in sediments and mussels along the moroccan mediterranean coast: A spatial assessment
title_full Heavy metal bioaccumulation in sediments and mussels along the moroccan mediterranean coast: A spatial assessment
title_fullStr Heavy metal bioaccumulation in sediments and mussels along the moroccan mediterranean coast: A spatial assessment
title_full_unstemmed Heavy metal bioaccumulation in sediments and mussels along the moroccan mediterranean coast: A spatial assessment
title_short Heavy metal bioaccumulation in sediments and mussels along the moroccan mediterranean coast: A spatial assessment
title_sort heavy metal bioaccumulation in sediments and mussels along the moroccan mediterranean coast a spatial assessment
topic Contamination
Correlations
M. galloprovincialis
Surface coastal sediments
Toxicity
Heavy Metals
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667010025001143
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